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Abstract(s)
A ciência forense pretende auxiliar o direito tornando
a justiça mais científica e, portanto, em princípio,
mais rigorosa. Uma manifestação recente dessa pretensão
é o uso da identificação por perfis genéticos. A
adopção desta técnica veio abrir novas possibilidades
no domínio da identificação individual, mas também
tornar visíveis problemas de ordem técnica e prática
que podem tornar o seu uso controverso e estar na origem
de abusos e de erros judiciais, podendo pôr em
causa princípios fundamentais da cidadania e da vida
democrática. Os obstáculos ao cumprimento das promessas
de uma técnica que, à primeira vista, poderia
vir resolver muitos dos problemas que se colocam ao
meio judicial, nomeadamente o da adequação da sentença
ao crime, são numerosos.
Um tema que assume no quadro desta problemática
uma importância central é o da padronização das
técnicas, geralmente encarada como uma garantia de
rigor, de estabilidade e de possibilidade de utilização
flexível dessas técnicas. Mas a padronização das técnicas suscita, por sua vez, o problema da possibilidade
de padronização do direito.
Este estudo procura identificar as forças e fragilidades
desta técnica, tentando perceber, em simultâneo,
como se joga a tensão entre uma ciência forense que se
globaliza e um direito que permanece localizado.
ABSTRACT: Forensic science intends to assist Law and justice in becoming more scientific and therefore more accurate. A recent manifestation of this purpose is the use of identification by means of genetic profiles. The adoption of this technique oponed new possibilities in the domain of individual identification but also shoed problems of practical order that can make its use controversial and be in the origin of judicial abuses and errors, and therefore threaten the basic principles of citizenship and democratic life. The obstacles to the fulfilment of the promises opened by a technique, that could solve many of the problems of the judicial milieu, namely the adequacy between crime and sentence, are numerous. A basic subject is the standardization of these techniques, generally considered as a guarantee of accuracy and stability, and offers the possibility of flexible use of these techniques. But the standardization of these techniques also creates, the problem of the possibility of the standardization of law pactice. This study intents to identify the forces and fragilities of this technique, trying to understand, simultaneously, the tension between a global forensic science and Law that remains local.
ABSTRACT: Forensic science intends to assist Law and justice in becoming more scientific and therefore more accurate. A recent manifestation of this purpose is the use of identification by means of genetic profiles. The adoption of this technique oponed new possibilities in the domain of individual identification but also shoed problems of practical order that can make its use controversial and be in the origin of judicial abuses and errors, and therefore threaten the basic principles of citizenship and democratic life. The obstacles to the fulfilment of the promises opened by a technique, that could solve many of the problems of the judicial milieu, namely the adequacy between crime and sentence, are numerous. A basic subject is the standardization of these techniques, generally considered as a guarantee of accuracy and stability, and offers the possibility of flexible use of these techniques. But the standardization of these techniques also creates, the problem of the possibility of the standardization of law pactice. This study intents to identify the forces and fragilities of this technique, trying to understand, simultaneously, the tension between a global forensic science and Law that remains local.
Description
Keywords
Ciência forense Justiça Identificação por perfis genéticos
Citation
Análise Psicológica, XX(3), 311-329
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada