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Abstract(s)
A investigação sobre as relações entre pensamento contrafactual e raciocínio causal tem
produzido evidência contraditória acerca da direção dos efeitos de facilitação de um
processo sobre o outro. Este estudo investiga a possibilidade dessa influência ser recíproca
e como diferentes níveis de impacto emocional negativo condicionam a acessibilidade do
pensamento contrafactual. A 42 participantes foi apresentado um cenário com um de dois
possíveis desfechos (um mais negativo, outro menos negativo), após o qual realizaram
uma tarefa contrafactual e uma tarefa causal, estruturadas num paradigma de facilitação
de tarefa. Os resultados indicam que a realização de qualquer das tarefas facilita a
posterior realização da outra, revelando um efeito de ordem simétrico. Adicionalmente,
verificou-se um efeito de interação entre a natureza do cenário e a ativação do processo
contrafactual, refletido na maior acessibilidade da tarefa contrafactual no cenário de maior
impacto emocional negativo. Estes dados coadunam-se com o postulado pelo Modelo de
Facilitação Simétrica e Dissociação da Ativação (Senos, 2008).
ABSTRACT: The research about the relationship between counterfactual thought and causal reasoning has produced contradictory evidence about which process facilitates the other. This study investigates the possibility that the processes exert a reciprocal influence over each other, and how different levels of negative emotional impact condition the accessibility of counterfactual thought. Forty two participants were presented a scenario with one of two possible outcomes (one more negative, one less negative), after which they performed a counterfactual and a causal task, structured in a task facilitation paradigm. Results indicate that performing either task facilitates the further performance of the other, revealing a symmetrical order effect. Moreover, there was an interaction effect between the nature of the scenario and the activation of the counterfactual process, reflected in the greater accessibility of the counterfactual task in the more emotionally negative scenario. These findings conform to the postulates of the Symmetrical Facilitation and Dissociation of Activation Model (Senos, 2008).
ABSTRACT: The research about the relationship between counterfactual thought and causal reasoning has produced contradictory evidence about which process facilitates the other. This study investigates the possibility that the processes exert a reciprocal influence over each other, and how different levels of negative emotional impact condition the accessibility of counterfactual thought. Forty two participants were presented a scenario with one of two possible outcomes (one more negative, one less negative), after which they performed a counterfactual and a causal task, structured in a task facilitation paradigm. Results indicate that performing either task facilitates the further performance of the other, revealing a symmetrical order effect. Moreover, there was an interaction effect between the nature of the scenario and the activation of the counterfactual process, reflected in the greater accessibility of the counterfactual task in the more emotionally negative scenario. These findings conform to the postulates of the Symmetrical Facilitation and Dissociation of Activation Model (Senos, 2008).
Description
Keywords
Contrafactual Causal Ativação Dissociação Facilitação Counterfactual Causal Activation Dissociation Facilitation
Citation
Psychologica, 56, 2013, 101-118
Publisher
Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra