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O traço de ansiedade competitiva e a orientação motivacional como aspectos psicológicos preditores do rendimento desportivo em atletas de futebol
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Abstract(s)
No desporto de alta competição, a obtenção de excelentes resultados é indispensável para os atletas profissionais.
Há muito que a psicologia do desporto estuda o rendimento desportivo e factores pertinentes para o mesmo, como, por exemplo, a orientação motivacional e a ansiedade competitiva.
Com uma amostra de atletas de futebol, do sexo masculino, de um clube desportivo Lisboeta, este estudo pretende explorar a importância preditiva das duas últimas variáveis, para predizer o rendimento desportivo dos atletas.
Os modelos adoptados para explicar a orientação motivacional e o traço de ansiedade competitiva são, respectivamente, a Teoria dos Objectivos de Realização de Nicholls (1989), e a Teoria da Ansiedade Multidimensional, de Martens, Vealey e Burton (1990).
As três hipóteses propostas são as seguintes: “Os atletas com maior orientação motivacional ao nível da tarefa, apresentam maior rendimento desportivo”; “Os atletas com maior orientação motivacional ao nível do ego, apresentam menor rendimento desportivo” e “Maiores níveis de traço de ansiedade competitiva estão associados a menores níveis de rendimento desportivo”.
O TEOSQp foi utilizado para avaliar a orientação motivacional; a SASp foi utilizada para avaliar o traço de ansiedade competitiva e o rendimento desportivo foi avaliado pela comissão técnica, numa escala de 1 a 5 pontos.
Não foram encontradas correlações significativas das variáveis independentes com a variável dependente.
São discutidas limitações do estudo, possíveis explicações dos resultados e importantíssimas implicações teóricas e práticas.
ABSTRACT: In high competition sport, obtaining excellent results is indispensable for professional athletes. Sports psychology has long studied sports performance and factors relevant to it, such as motivational orientation and competitive anxiety. With a sample of male soccer athletes from a sports club in Lisbon, this study intends to investigate the predictive importance of the last two variables to predict athletes' performance. The models adopted to explain the motivational orientation and the competitive anxiety trait are, respectively, Nicholls's Achievement Goal Theory (1989), and Martens, Vealey and Burton's (1990) Multidimensional Anxiety Theory. The three hypotheses proposed are as follows: "The athletes with greater motivational orientation at the task level, present higher sports performance"; "Athletes with greater ego-oriented motivation have lower sports performance" and "Higher levels of competitive anxiety are associated with lower levels of athletic performance”. The TEOSQp was used to evaluate the motivational orientation; the SASp was used to evaluate the competitive anxiety trait and the sports performance was evaluated by the technical commission, in a scale of 1 to 5 points. No significant correlations were found between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Limitations of the study, possible explanations of the results and extremely important theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
ABSTRACT: In high competition sport, obtaining excellent results is indispensable for professional athletes. Sports psychology has long studied sports performance and factors relevant to it, such as motivational orientation and competitive anxiety. With a sample of male soccer athletes from a sports club in Lisbon, this study intends to investigate the predictive importance of the last two variables to predict athletes' performance. The models adopted to explain the motivational orientation and the competitive anxiety trait are, respectively, Nicholls's Achievement Goal Theory (1989), and Martens, Vealey and Burton's (1990) Multidimensional Anxiety Theory. The three hypotheses proposed are as follows: "The athletes with greater motivational orientation at the task level, present higher sports performance"; "Athletes with greater ego-oriented motivation have lower sports performance" and "Higher levels of competitive anxiety are associated with lower levels of athletic performance”. The TEOSQp was used to evaluate the motivational orientation; the SASp was used to evaluate the competitive anxiety trait and the sports performance was evaluated by the technical commission, in a scale of 1 to 5 points. No significant correlations were found between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Limitations of the study, possible explanations of the results and extremely important theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações
Keywords
Orientação motivacional Traço de ansiedade competitiva Rendimento desportivo TEOSQp SASp Motivational orientation Competitive anxiety trait Sports performance