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Respostas de stress e recursos de coping nos enfermeiros
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Neste artigo faz-se uma revisão da literatura sobre
os modelos de stress ocupacional em contextos de
saúde. São também apresentados os resultados preliminares
de um estudo mais alargado sobre as fontes de
stress, as respostas de stress e os recursos de coping
nos profissionais de saúde da região Norte. Este artigo
refere-se a uma amostra de 62 enfermeiros hospitalares
no Norte de Portugal. Os instrumentos usados foram o
Inventário de Recursos para Lidar com o Stress, o Inventário
de Respostas e Recursos Pessoais, após
adaptação e validação para Portugal pelos autores, e
um questionário demográfico desenvolvido para o
estudo. Os resultados indicam que as três principais
fontes de stress para os enfermeiros são: sobrecarga de
doentes, sobrecarga de trabalho e más condições
físicas e técnicas. Os enfermeiros respondem ao stress
predominantemente com ideação suicida, negação,
sintomas físicos e humor deprimido. Os recursos de
coping mais utilizados por estes são o suporte social, a
capacidade para organizar e gerir recursos, e a liberdade
financeira. Algumas variáveis demográficas e
profissionais, como o estatuto profissional, têm um
impacto significativo nas respostas ao stress e nos
recursos de coping utilizados. As respostas de stress
encontradas, constituem reacções indirectas e potencialmente
disfuncionais ao stress que podem afectar
negativamente, quer os profissionais de saúde quer os
cuidados prestados. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade
urgente de uma intervenção psicológica de
apoio aos enfermeiros em Portugal.
ABSTRACT: This is a preliminary report of a larger study which aims at determining the sources of stress, stress responses and coping resources of Portuguese health providers using a comprehensive model of occupational stress. This sample is comprised of 62 Portuguese nurses of both sexes from regional hospitals in Northern Portugal selected from units with chronically ill patients (e.g. rehabilitation). The subjects were given the Coping Resources Inventory for Stress, the Brief Personal Survey and a brief demographic information form. The two instruments were previously adapted and validated for Portugal by the authors. The results indicate that the three main sources of stress for providers are work load, poor physical and technical conditions and patient overload. The providers responded to stress predominantly with suicide ideation, denial, physical symptoms and depressed mood. The coping resources most reported were the extent of social support, the ability to organise and manage resources, financial freedom and the ability to monitor stress. There was a significant impact of some demographic and professional variables on the sources of stress, stress responses and coping resources, especially the nurses’ professional status. The study confirmed previously found relationships between one’s stress response and availability of coping resources. The sources of stress found in the Portuguese nurses are similar to those reported in other countries for various health providers. The predominant stress responses found (denial and physical symptoms), although well accepted in the Portuguese medical culture, indicate indirect and potentially dysfunctional reactions to stress which may adversely affect both the provider and the patient. These results point to the urgent need for psychological intervention to support Portuguese health professionals.
ABSTRACT: This is a preliminary report of a larger study which aims at determining the sources of stress, stress responses and coping resources of Portuguese health providers using a comprehensive model of occupational stress. This sample is comprised of 62 Portuguese nurses of both sexes from regional hospitals in Northern Portugal selected from units with chronically ill patients (e.g. rehabilitation). The subjects were given the Coping Resources Inventory for Stress, the Brief Personal Survey and a brief demographic information form. The two instruments were previously adapted and validated for Portugal by the authors. The results indicate that the three main sources of stress for providers are work load, poor physical and technical conditions and patient overload. The providers responded to stress predominantly with suicide ideation, denial, physical symptoms and depressed mood. The coping resources most reported were the extent of social support, the ability to organise and manage resources, financial freedom and the ability to monitor stress. There was a significant impact of some demographic and professional variables on the sources of stress, stress responses and coping resources, especially the nurses’ professional status. The study confirmed previously found relationships between one’s stress response and availability of coping resources. The sources of stress found in the Portuguese nurses are similar to those reported in other countries for various health providers. The predominant stress responses found (denial and physical symptoms), although well accepted in the Portuguese medical culture, indicate indirect and potentially dysfunctional reactions to stress which may adversely affect both the provider and the patient. These results point to the urgent need for psychological intervention to support Portuguese health professionals.
Description
Keywords
Stress ocupacional Enfermeiros Coping Occupational stress Nurses Coping resources
Citation
Análise Psicológica XVII(3), 513-527
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada