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- Lifelong conviction pathways and self-reported offending: Towards a deeper comprehension of criminal career developmentPublication . Pereira, Miguel Basto; Farrington, DavidThis article investigates to what extent life-course self-reported offending is related to the four developmental pathways model of criminal careers. Self-reported offending from ages 10 to 48 years is analyzed in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, which is a prospective longitudinal survey of the development of offending. Vandalism, shoplifting, assault and fraud were selfreported by more than half of the non-convicted males; however, individuals in convicted pathways had significantly more self-reported offences. In particular, versatile serious recidivists had a large number of self-reported offences, an earlier age of onset and a later age of desistance. A theoretical approach to criminal careers is proposed, which relates childhood vulnerabilities to lifelong selfreported offending and official criminal careers. The findings suggest that the key criminological research issue is how and why any person exceeds normative levels of offending, between the expected beginning in childhood/adolescence and the expected ending during middle adulthood.
- Advancing knowledge about lifelong crime sequencesPublication . Basto-Pereira, Miguel; Farrington, DavidThis article aims to describe the most prevalent, lifelong sequences of crime, to identify developmental patterns of crime, and to evaluate the impact of childhood characteristics on each pathway. Convictions up to age 56 in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development are analyzed. The prevalence of the most frequent sequences of convictions is presented. Optimal matching dissimilarity and partitioning around medoids analyses are conducted to identify types of sequences. The most common sequences of convictions involve types of stealing. Four different types of sequences are identified and are predicted using childhood characteristics. It is concluded that different types of childhood vulnerabilities predict different types of conviction sequences.