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- The global impact of multisystemic vulnerabilities on criminal variety: A cross-continental study in young adultsPublication . Villanueva, Lidón; Maciel, Laura; Gomis Pomares, Aitana; Gouveia-Pereira, Maria; Adrián, Juan E.; Costa, Maria Suely Alves; Rocha, André Sousa; Ximenes, Jocélia Medeiros; Garcia, Mathieu; Rouchy, Emma; Michel, Grégory; Al Shawi, Ameel; Sarhan, Yaseen; Altaha, Mahasin A.; Fulano, Celso; EL-ASTAL, SOFIÁN; Alattar, Kefaya; Shaqalaih, Saja O.; Sabbah, Khetam; Holtzhausen, Leon; Campbell, Emma; Sakulku, Jaruwan; Grummitt, Lucinda; Barrett, Emma; Lawler, Siobhan; Newton, Nicola C.; Prior, Katrina; Pereira, Miguel BastoPrevious research has shown a robust association between different childhood and adolescent vulnerabilities and youth offending. However, these investigations have primarily focused on youths from high-income Western countries. Consequently, the generalizability of these findings to better inform global justice policies remains uncertain. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationship between individual, familial, and contextual vulnerabilities and criminal versatility during young adulthood, accounting for sociodemographic factors and cross-national differences. Data were derived from a diverse sample of 4,182 young adults (67% female; mean age = 18.96; SD = 0.81) residing in 10 countries across 5 continents who participated in the International Study of Pro/Antisocial Behavior in Young Adults. The Psychosocial and Family Vulnerability Questionnaire and the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire were used to assess social and family adversity, and past-year criminal diversity was measured with the Criminal Variety Index. Results indicate that child maltreatment, substance abuse, and delinquent peers are global risk factors for criminal variety. Moreover, they are independent across males and females and among youths living in countries that are ranked differently on the Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, some childhood vulnerabilities showed different predictive ability across sexes (e.g., school failure), and across countries ranked differently on the HDI (e.g., family dysfunction). These findings suggest that certain childhood factors contribute to criminal behavior through transcultural mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of developing evidence-based policies that focus on transcultural risk factors to globally prevent criminal behavior.
- How to Improve the YLS/CMI? Exploring a Particularly Predictive Combination of ItemsPublication . Villanueva, Lidón; Pereira, Miguel Basto; Cuervo, KerenRecidivism risk assessment is central to addressing criminogenic needs among youth offenders. To accomplish this, the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is worldwide used, but it is long and has limited predictive validity for minority populations. This study presents a particularly predictive combination of seven items that overcomes these limitations. A sample of 430 Spanish youth offenders participated in this study. The YLS/CMI long version was filled out and reconvictions were collected over a 2-year period. Results show that this combination of seven items reduced more than 80% of the inventory and improved the predictive validity, globally and for minorities. The items that were included were related to psychopathic traits and the lack of protective role models. Therefore, this specific combination of YLS/CMI items has considerable higher predictive validity across gender and culture, and may be useful to practitioners in this field.