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- Emotion regulation in dementia caregiving: The role of neuropsychiatric symptoms and attachment orientationPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, João; Nunes, O.; Tomé Pires, CatarinaFamily caregivers are usually the main source of support for persons living with dementia, being exposed to a loved one’s suffering, which can lead to experiencing strong and negative emotions. This study aimed to identify factors capable of explaining individual differences in the way caregivers regulate their emotions. This cross-sectional study included 78 informal caregivers (M = 64.84 years; SD = 13.32) and 84 controls (non-caregivers) (M = 77 years; SD = 7.59). Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), attachment orientations, and emotion regulation were measured using self-report scales. Caregivers of persons living with dementia used more expressive suppression in comparison to non-caregivers. NPS and attachment avoidance were associated with expressive suppression. Moderation analyses showed that NPS only predicted expressive suppression when attachment avoidance was low or medium. The present study showed that caregivers are more likely to suppress their emotions in the presence of NPS, especially those with lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance. Psychological interventions targeting emotion regulation should be offered especially to caregivers that face NPS of persons living with dementia and present lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance.
- The impact of caregiving on informal caregivers of people with dementia: Family functioning, burden, and burnoutPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Nunes, O.; Hipólito, J.; Tomé Pires, CatarinaCaregiving is a complex occupation, with a signifcant impact for informal caregivers (IC). Stress-process models propose a framework that considers that this impact depends on primary and secondary stressors, but also on the IC situation appraisal. This work aimed to verify: whether being, or not, an IC of an individual with dementia infuenced the relationship between family functioning and burnout; the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms of the individual with dementia and IC burnout and whether the IC burden and perceived family functioning had a mediating role in such relationship. This crosssectional study investigated diferences in family functioning and its association with burnout between IC and non-IC. For IC specifcally, the study examined a mediation model to explore the possibility of neuropsychiatric symptoms indirectly afecting IC burnout through the impact on family functioning and burden. Measures included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and the Zarit Burden Interview. Results showed an association between poorer family function and high burnout, specifcally in IC. They also showed that burden mediated the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and burnout. The fndings ofer a signifcant contribution to the growing knowledge about the relationship between stressors associated with informal caregiving in dementia context, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms and its outcomes, like burnout.