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- Multilocus phylogeny and systematics of Iberian endemic Squalius (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)Publication . Perea, Silvia; Santos, Carla Sousa; Robalo, Joana; Doadrio, IgnacioInferring the evolutionary history of a group of species can be challenging given the many factors involved. In recent years, the increased availability of sequences of multiple genes per species has spurred the development of new methodologies to analyse multilocus data sets. Two approaches that analyse such data are concatenated supermatrix and coalescent-based species-tree analyses. In this study, we used both of these methods to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Iberian species of the genus Squalius from one mitochondrial and six nuclear genes. We found mitonuclear discordance in the phylogenetic relationships of the group. According to the mitochondrial gene analysis, all species were recovered as monophyletic except S. pyrenaicus; besides, in the concatenated supermatrix analysis of the nuclear markers, this species resolved as polyphyletic with three divergent evolutionary lineages. The coalescent-based nuclear species-tree analysis rendered a well-resolved phylogeny compared with the supermatrix analysis, which was unable to discern between S. carolitertii, S. castellanus and one of the evolutionary lineages of S. pyrenaicus. This result is likely due to the better integration of population uncertainty in the coalescent approach. Furthermore, Bayesian multilocus species delimitation analyses based on a BPP approach strongly supported the distinct nuclear lineages as different species. Nevertheless, the supermatrix analysis was able to obtain well-supported relationships in the divergent lineages with low numbers of individuals. Our study highlights the usefulness of different analytical methodologies to obtain a more complete picture of the evolutionary history of taxa, especially when discordant patterns among genes are found.
- Historical biogeography of the Iberian Peninsula: multilocus phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction for the freshwater fish genus Squalius (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)Publication . Perea, Silvia; Sousa‐Santos, Carla; Robalo, Joana; Doadrio, IgnacioThe Iberian Peninsula is one of the most ancient geological areas in Europe. Its complex orography is a consequence of several geological episodes related with two orogenic episodes that occurred from Late Devonian (Variscan orogeny) to the Cenozoic (Alpine orogeny). Unraveling the evolutionary history of strict freshwater fauna, such as leuciscid fishes, may contribute to our understanding of the paleogeographic history of a region and its configuration along time. Within the Iberian freshwater fish fauna, the genus Squalius is one of the oldest and most diversified leuciscids. Here, we used phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and ancestral area reconstruction approaches to infer relationships among Iberian drainages and the biogeographic history of these Squalius species, particularly of two of the most widely distributed species, S. carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus. Our results confirmed, in agreement with previous studies, an underestimation of the real diversity of Squalius in the Iberian Peninsula and identified divergent evolutionary lineages, highlighting the reticulate evolutionary history of the Iberian Squalius species. The ancestral reconstruction analyses indicated that several vicariance and dispersal processes occurred among different Squalius lineages, linked to the paleogeographic configuration of the Iberian Peninsula during the Cenozoic period.