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- Loneliness in adolescence: Confirmatory factor analysis of the relational provisions loneliness questionnaire (RPLQ) in a Portuguese samplePublication . Ribeiro, Olívia; Santos, António José; Freitas, Miguel; Rosado, António Fernando; Rubin, KennethThe present study assesses the factor structure, psychometric adequacy, and invariance across sex and age of the Relational Provisions Loneliness Questionnaire (RPLQ). Discriminant validity with an external criterion was also tested. In a sample of Portuguese adolescents, from 7th to 9th grade (N ¼ 817), Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were conducted to test a four-factor model of loneliness (lack of integration and/or intimacy in peer group and/or family). Results evidenced empirical support for the structure of the RPLQ loneliness scale, which fitted very well the proposed model, and provided adequate fit to the Portuguese data. There was substantial support for the construct validity (factorial, convergent, and discriminant) and reliability of the RPLQ. Measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) was established across sex and age. Finally, it was assured discriminant validity, provided by the contrast with the social functioning dimensions in peer group. Overall, our findings support the conceptualization of loneliness in adolescence by peer- and family-related loneliness through lack of integration and intimacy. In a single instrument, the RPLQ loneliness scale combines measures of four important aspects of adolescents’ social life. This seems to be an adequate instrument to be used in the study of adolescents’ loneliness, in its different forms and across relational contexts
- Isolamento social e sentimento de solidão em jovens adolescentesPublication . Ferreira, Débora Sousa Simões; Santos, António José; Ribeiro, Olívia; Freitas, Miguel da Costa Nunes de; Correia, João Carlos Verdelho; Rubin, KennethOs estudos mostram a importância das relações de pares para um desenvolvimento saudável e harmonioso, principalmente no período da adolescência. Como tal, a problemática do isolamento social torna-se num domínio com redobrado interesse durante esta fase da vida dos jovens. São vários os estudos que associam o retraimento social de crianças e adolescentes a consequências ligadas a perturbações internalizadas, como por exemplo, a solidão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os sentimentos de solidão expressos por adolescentes isolados-retraídos e isolados-agressivos. Conjuntamente, também se pretendeu verificar se existiam e como se manifestavam as diferenças em função do sexo relativamente a esse sentimento quer para os adolescentes isolados-retraídos, quer para os isolados-agressivos. Participaram neste estudo 900 jovens adolescentes (446 do sexo feminino), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e 15 anos, provenientes de duas escolas da região da grande Lisboa. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados utilizados foram o ECP (Extended Class Play) e RPQ (Relational Provision Loneliness Questionnaire). A análise multivariada das dimensões do RPQ em função do Grupo (controle, isolados-retraídos e isolados-agressivos) e Sexo revelou efeitos principais multivariados para ambos os fatores. Estes resultados evidenciaram um menor nível de Integração com os Pares nos adolescentes isolados-retraídos, comparativamente com os do grupo de controlo. Relativamente á Intimidade com os Pares verificou-se que os jovens isolados-retraídos apresentam níveis significativamente inferiores de intimidade por comparação com os do grupo de controlo. Considerando as diferenças em função do
- Loneliness and social functioning in adolescent peer victimizationPublication . Almeida, Telma Sousa; Ribeiro, Olívia; Freitas, Miguel; Rubin, Kenneth; Santos, António J.Interpersonal adversity such as peer victimization has been shown to have complex associations with other socio-emotional difficulties, particularly during adolescence. We used a multidimensional peer nomination measure on a sample of 440 (52% girls) 11- to 17-year-old (M = 13.14 years, SD = 1.26) Portuguese youths to identify three groups, classified by peers as (1) victimized adolescents who showed anxious withdrawn behaviors in the context of the peer group (n = 111), (2) victimized adolescents who did not exhibit anxious withdrawn behaviors (n = 104), and (3) non-victimized adolescents (n = 225). We compared these groups on their peer-reported social functioning and on their self-reported feelings of social and emotional loneliness (with peers and family). Anxiously withdrawn victims were viewed by peers as more excluded, less aggressive, less prosocial, and less popular than non-withdrawn victims and non-victims. Non-anxiously withdrawn victims were considered more excluded than non-victims, and more aggressive than both anxiously withdrawn victims and non-victims. Finally, anxiously withdrawn victims reported feeling less integrated and intimate with their peers than non-withdrawn victims and non-victims, which is indicative of greater feelings of social and emotional loneliness at school. Youths in the current study did not report feeling lonely in their family environment. Our findings thus provide further evidence that victimized youths constitute a heterogeneous group, which differ in the way they behave toward their peers and experience loneliness.