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- Easy to process, hard to control: Transient and sustained processing fluency impairs cognitive control adjustments to conflictPublication . Oliveira, Gonçalo A; Remondes, Miguel; Garcia-Marques, TeresaRecent research suggests that the cognitive monitoring system of control could be using negative affective cues intrinsic to changes in information processing to initiate top-down regulatory mechanisms. Here, we propose that positive feelings of ease-of-processing could be picked up by the monitoring system as a cue indicating that control is not necessary, leading to maladaptive control adjustments. We simultaneously target control adjustments driven by task context and on a trial-by-trial level, macro-, and micro-adjustments. This hypothesis was tested using a Stroop-like task comprised trials varying in congruence and perceptual fluency. A pseudo randomisation procedure within different proportion of congruence conditions was used to maximise discrepancy and fluency effects. Results suggest that in a mostly congruent context participants committed more fast errors when incongruent trials were easy-to-read. Moreover, within the mostly incongruent condition, we also found more errors on incongruent trials after experiencing the facilitation effect of repeated congruent trials. These results suggest that transient and sustained feelings of processing fluency can downregulate control mechanisms, leading to failed adaptive adjustments to conflict
- Supplemental material for a meta-analytical review of the familiarity temporal effect : testing assumptions of the attentional and the fluency-attributional accountsPublication . Fernandes, Alexandre C.; Garcia-Marques, TeresaThe current meta-analysis accumulates empirical findings for the familiarity temporal effect (FTE) in duration judgments (the duration of more familiar stimuli is judged to be longer than that of less familiar stimuli). It brings together data from 2 separate literatures: time perception and processing fluency. In doing so, this review offers more and stronger evidence for testing the reliability of the effect; it defines the relevant moderators for addressing the validity of the 2 main explanations for the FTE: the attentional and the fluency-attributional hypotheses. The analysis (random effect model) of a total of 128 experiments (N 3,338) showed that the effect of familiarity on perceived short durations (seconds) is highly reliable (g .52); the same (or a similar) effect also occurs for other fluency manipulations (g .51). The analysis supports assumptions generated by both the attentional and the fluency-misattributional explanations, suggesting that more research is needed to understand their possible dynamic relationship. Hence, this meta-analysis provides important guidance for future research with regard to time estimates. Public Significance Statement The present meta-analysis reviews evidence showing that more familiar stimuli are judged to have a longer duration than less familiar stimuli, showing this effect to have high reliability. In doing so, it brings together evidence provided by two separate literatures, time perception and processing fluency, to confront two alternative explanations: a) familiarity frees attentional resources to the temporal features of the stimulus, or b) the ease with which the stimulus is processed influences its perceived duration. Results support assumptions generated by both explanations, and future research should address how they relate.