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- Adaptation of sea turtles to climate warming: Will phenological responses be sufficient to counteract changes in reproductive output?Publication . Fuentes, Mariana; Santos, Armando Jose Barsante; Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto; Briseño‐Dueñas, R.; Al-Khayat, Jassim; Hamza, Shafeeq; Saliba, Sally; Anderson, D.; Rusenko, Kirt; Mitchell, N. J.; Gammon, Malindi Jane; Bentley, Blair P; Beton, Damla; Booth, David; Broderick, Annette; Colman, Liliana; Snape, Robin; Calderon‐Campuzano, M. F.; Cuevas, Eduardo; López-Castro, M. C.; Flores-Aguirre, Cynthia Dinorah; Mendez, Fausto; Segura‐Garcia, Y.; Ruiz‐Garcia, A.; Fossette, Sabrina; Gatto, Christopher; Reina, Richard; Girondot, Marc; Godfrey, M.; Guzman Hernandez, Vicente; Hart, Catherine Edwina; Kaska, Yakup; Lara, P.H.; Marcovaldi, Maria Angela; Leblanc, Nia; Rostal, D.; Liles, Mark; Wyneken, Jeanette; Lolavar, Alexandra; Williamson, Sean; Manoharakrishnan, Muralidharan; Pusapati, Chandana; Chatting, Mark; Mohd Salleh, Sarahaizad; Patrício, Ana Rita; Regalla, A.; Restrepo, J.; Garcia, R.; Tomillo, Pilar Santidrián; Sezgin, Çisem; Shanker, Kartik; Tapilatu, F.; Turkozan, Oguz; Valverde, Clodoaldo; Carroll, Kristina Williams; Yilmaz, Can; Tolen, Nicholas; Tucek, J.; Le Gouvello Du Timat, Diane, Zelica, Marie; Rivas, Marga; Freire, Jordana; Touron, M.; Genet, Q.; Salmon, M.; Araujo, M. R.; Freire, J. B.; Davel Castheloge, Vinicius; Jesus, Paulo Roberto; Júnior, Paulo Dias Ferreira; Paladino, Frank V.; Montero‐Flores, D.; Sözbilen, Doğan; Monsinjon, JonathanSea turtles are vulnerable to climate change since their reproductive output is influenced by incubating temperatures, with warmer temperatures causing lower hatching success and increased feminization of embryos. Their ability to cope with projected increases in ambient temperatures will depend on their capacity to adapt to shifts in climatic regimes. Here, we assessed the extent to which phenological shifts could impacts from increases in ambient temperatures (from 1.5 to 3°C in air temperatures and from 1.4 to 2.3°C in sea surface temperatures by 2100 at our sites) on four species of sea turtles, under a “middle of the road” scenario (SSP2-4.5). Sand temperatures at sea turtle nesting sites are projected to increase from 0.58 to 4.17°C by 2100 and expected shifts in nesting of 26–43 days earlier will not be sufficient to maintain current incubation temperatures at 7 (29%) of our sites, hatching success rates at 10 (42%) of our sites, with current trends in hatchling sex ratio being able to be maintained at half of the sites. We also calculated the phenological shifts that would be required (both backward for an earlier shift in nesting and forward for a later shift) to keep up with present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios. The required shifts backward in nesting for incubation temperatures ranged from −20 to −191 days, whereas the required shifts forward ranged from +54 to +180 days. However, for half of the sites, no matter the shift the median incubation temperature will always be warmer than the 75th percentile of current ranges. Given that phenological shifts will not be able to ameliorate predicted changes in temperature, hatching success and sex ratio at most sites, turtles may need to use other adaptive responses and/or there is the need to enhance sea turtle resilience to climate warming.
- Atlantic connectivity of a major green sea turtle Chelonia mydas foraging aggregation at the Banc d’Arguin, MauritaniaPublication . Patrício, Ana Rita; Coveney, Sophia A.; Barbanti, Anna; Barbosa, Castro; Broderick, Annette; El’Bar, Nahi; Godley, Brendan; Hancock, Joana M.; Regalla De Barros, Aissa; Senhoury, Cheibani; Sidina, Ebaye; de Thoisy, Benoît de; Tilley, Dominic; Weber, Sam; Catry, PauloABSTRACT: Understanding population connectivity is paramount for effective conservation. While genetic tools have elucidated sea turtle migration patterns, notable data gaps limit our understanding of ocean-wide connectivity, especially regarding east Atlantic green turtles. We characterized the genetic composition of a globally important green turtle foraging aggregation at the Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania, incorporating data from 323 individuals captured between 2018 and 2021. Using extended mitochondrial DNA D-loop (738 base pairs [bp]) and mitochondrial short tandem repeat (mtSTR; ~200 bp) markers, we assessed the genetic structure of Atlantic green turtle foraging aggregations and estimated the most likely origin of immature green turtles from the Banc d’Arguin using mixed stock analyses (MSAs). We identified 6 D-loop haplotypes, with a clear dominance of CM-A8.1 (91.8%) followed by CM-A5.1 (6.3%) and 4 rare haplotypes: CM-A1.4, CMA6.1, CM24.1 and CM36.1. We found 13 mtSTR haplotypes, with ‘7-12-4-4’ being dominant (89.0%). The genetic composition at the Banc d’Arguin differed significantly from the only foraging aggregation studied in West Africa to date — in the archipelago of Cabo Verde (located ca. 750 km from the Banc d’Arguin) — dominated by haplotype CM-A5. The MSA combining both genetic markers indicated that 87.6% of immature green turtles at the Banc d’Arguin originate from the major East Atlantic rookery at Poilão (Guinea-Bissau), but 11.6% come from more distant rookeries in South America (8.1%) and potentially Ascension Island (3.4%). We suggest that green turtle transatlantic movements may be more common than previously thought and highlight the importance of the Banc d’Arguin as a regional foraging hub for this species.