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- The global impact of multisystemic vulnerabilities on criminal variety: A cross-continental study in young adultsPublication . Villanueva, Lidón; Maciel, Laura; Gomis Pomares, Aitana; Gouveia-Pereira, Maria; Adrián, Juan E.; Costa, Maria Suely Alves; Rocha, André Sousa; Ximenes, Jocélia Medeiros; Garcia, Mathieu; Rouchy, Emma; Michel, Grégory; Al Shawi, Ameel; Sarhan, Yaseen; Altaha, Mahasin A.; Fulano, Celso; EL-ASTAL, SOFIÁN; Alattar, Kefaya; Shaqalaih, Saja O.; Sabbah, Khetam; Holtzhausen, Leon; Campbell, Emma; Sakulku, Jaruwan; Grummitt, Lucinda; Barrett, Emma; Lawler, Siobhan; Newton, Nicola C.; Prior, Katrina; Pereira, Miguel BastoPrevious research has shown a robust association between different childhood and adolescent vulnerabilities and youth offending. However, these investigations have primarily focused on youths from high-income Western countries. Consequently, the generalizability of these findings to better inform global justice policies remains uncertain. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationship between individual, familial, and contextual vulnerabilities and criminal versatility during young adulthood, accounting for sociodemographic factors and cross-national differences. Data were derived from a diverse sample of 4,182 young adults (67% female; mean age = 18.96; SD = 0.81) residing in 10 countries across 5 continents who participated in the International Study of Pro/Antisocial Behavior in Young Adults. The Psychosocial and Family Vulnerability Questionnaire and the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire were used to assess social and family adversity, and past-year criminal diversity was measured with the Criminal Variety Index. Results indicate that child maltreatment, substance abuse, and delinquent peers are global risk factors for criminal variety. Moreover, they are independent across males and females and among youths living in countries that are ranked differently on the Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, some childhood vulnerabilities showed different predictive ability across sexes (e.g., school failure), and across countries ranked differently on the HDI (e.g., family dysfunction). These findings suggest that certain childhood factors contribute to criminal behavior through transcultural mechanisms. Moreover, they highlight the importance of developing evidence-based policies that focus on transcultural risk factors to globally prevent criminal behavior.
- Cross-cultural adaptability of parenting interventions designed for childhood behavior problems: A meta-analysisPublication . Maciel, Laura; Gomis Pomares, Aitana; Day, Crispin; Basto-Pereira, MiguelThe dissemination of parenting interventions is one of the advised approaches to globally counteract childhood behavior problems, delinquency, and future criminal careers. Many of these interventions are developed in Anglosphere countries and transported to other contexts with distinct cultural backgrounds. However, there are no meta-analyses evaluating the overall effectiveness of these Anglosphere parenting programs in non-Anglosphere settings. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effectiveness of parenting interventions developed in Anglosphere countries when transported to non-Anglosphere countries, as well as compare effectiveness levels between Anglosphere and non-Anglosphere trials; and analyze the impact of research and contextual factors in the dissemination of these interventions. Parenting interventions were included if they were: created in an Anglosphere setting; tested in non-Anglosphere countries; focused on reducing childhood behavioral problems; designed for children ranging from two to 12 years old; and tested in an experimental randomized trial. A random-effects model was selected for our meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences, confidence intervals and prediction intervals were also computed. Twenty studies were included, and results suggest that parenting interventions designed for childhood behavior problems can be transported to non-Anglosphere countries and potentially maintain effectiveness. This study is a relevant contribution to the evidence of cross-cultural transportability of parenting interventions.