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- Perceptions of organizational justice and commitment of non-family employees in family and non-family firmsPublication . Pimentel, Duarte Nuno Gonçalves; Pires, Juliana Serras; Almeida, Pedro Henrique Garcia Lopes dePurpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore differences between non-family employees of family and non-family firms regarding the perceptions of organizational justice and levels of organizational commitment. Moreover, focusing on non-family employees of family firms, the study assesses the relation between the perceptions of organizational justice and levels of organizational commitment. Finally, the study seeks to understand which dimension of organizational commitment (i.e. affective, continuance, or normative) is more associated with the perceptions of organizational justice of non-family employees working in family firms. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical evidence is provided by a sample of 205 Portuguese employees, 98 non-family employees of family firms, and 107 non-family firms’ employees, who responded to a questionnaire that included organizational justice and commitment measures. All firms included in the sample are small-sized privately owned companies. Findings – Results show that there are no differences between non-family employees of family and non-family firms regarding the perceptions of organizational justice. However, results reveal that there are significant differences regarding the levels of organizational commitment. Furthermore, it was found that, in family firms, non-family employees’ perceptions of organizational justice are positively related to the levels of commitment, especially regarding the affective dimension. Originality/value – This paper aims to contribute to the literature by addressing two classical organizational aspects, which are yet under-researched in the comparison between family and non-family firms, while pursuing to shed some light on the relationship between the perceptions of organizational justice and levels of organizational commitment of non-family employees working in family firms.
- Profiling family firms in the Autonomous Region of the AzoresPublication . Pimentel, Duarte Nuno Gonçalves; Scholten, MarcThis study aims to profile family firms located in the Autonomous Region of the Azores. Using a sample of 82 family-controlled firms, we were able to create the profile of these firms, by looking at several important profiling aspects such as ownership and governance, experience and management, and corporate culture. While other indicators are also taken into account: sector of activity, years in business, number of employees, and last year’s turnover. Results show that these firms are owned and controlled exclusively by the family, and its owners and managers are the founding generation. They operate in the retail sector, have less than 10 employees, have been in business for over 30 years, and have a turnover of less than €500,000 per year. The family members show a strong sense of pride, belief and identity towards the firm and consider that the family has an important influence in the business.
- Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: Looking at a european outermost regionPublication . Pimentel, Duarte Nuno Gonçalves; Couto, João Pedro; Scholten, MarcThis study addresses a current debate in the family business literature involving the extent to which the family business context hinders or promotes entrepreneurial behavior. The empirical evidence is provided by 155 small-sized firms, 82 family-controlled and 73 nonfamily-controlled, operating in an outermost region, the Autonomous Region of the Azores. This study analyzes the differences between family and nonfamily firms in regard to entrepreneurial orientation and how it is influenced by family participation. Results show that there are differences in entrepreneurship orientation and in two of its three dimensions, while revealing that family participation is negatively associated with entrepreneurial orientation and its three dimensions.