Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-06"
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- The influence of organizational compassion on Job Crafting : a motivational resource facilitator?Publication . Araújo, Maria; Marujo, Helena Águeda; Lopes, Miguel Pereira; Pereira, Paulo AlmeidaAbstract: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the perception of compassion at work (consciousness, empathy, evaluation, response type) and compassionate “actions and organizational characteristics” on job crafting (increasing structural job resources, increasing social job resources, increasing challenging job demands, decreasing hindering job demands). The study collected quantitative data from 231 professionals from different economic sectors. The results indicated that only the dimensions: “evaluation” and “response type” of the compassion process, as well as compassionate “organizational characteristics”, showed a positive influence in the “increasing structural job resources”, “increasing social job resources” and “increasing challenging job demands”. There was no negative relationship between the dimensions of the compassion process and compassionate “organizational characteristics and actions” in “decreasing hindering job demands”. The mechanisms by which compassion at work could have positive effects on the job crafting processes are presented.
- Medical rescuers’ occupational health during COVID-19 : contribution of coping and emotion regulation on burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growthPublication . Monteiro Fonseca, Sílvia; Cunha, Sónia; Campos, Rui; Faria, Sara; Silva, Márcio; Ramos, M. Joaquina; Azevedo, Guilherme; Barbosa, António Ruão; Queirós, CristinaAbstract: The COVID-19 pandemic places unique challenges to medical rescuers’ occupational health. Thus, it is crucial to assess its direct and indirect impacts on key psychological outcomes and adaptation strategies. This study aims to analyse the impact of this pandemic on medical rescuers’ coping and emotion regulation strategies, and their levels of work-related psychological outcomes, such as burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growth. Additionally, it aims to analyse the contribution of coping and emotion regulation strategies, employed to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, on burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growth. A sample of 111 medical rescuers answered the Brief Cope, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. Medical rescuers resorted moderately to coping and emotion regulation strategies, since the beginning of COVID-19. They presented moderate burnout and post-traumatic growth and low trauma. Coping presented a higher weight on burnout, trauma and post-traumatic growth, than emotion regulation. Expressive suppression and dysfunctional coping predicted burnout and trauma, and problem and emotion-focused coping predicted post-traumatic growth. Dysfunctional coping mediated and, thus, exacerbated the effect of expressive suppression on burnout and on trauma. Practitioners should pay closer attention to professionals with higher burnout and trauma. Occupational practices should focus on reducing dysfunctional coping and expressive suppression and promoting problem-focused coping.
- Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic : strategies employed by different sociodemographic groups and their role on quality of lifePublication . Morgado, Alice Murteira; Cruz, Joana; Peixoto, Maria ManuelaAbstract: The ways people cope with stressful and crisis-inducing episodes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have implications for quality of life. The current study aimed to analyse how coping strategies used by individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic varied according to sociodemographic characteristics. It also aimed to analyse how such strategies influence quality of life. Through an online survey, 505 adults living in Portugal reported on their sociodemographic characteristics, coping strategies, and perceptions of quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic period. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Portuguese versions of the Brief COPE and WHOQOL-BREF were used to assess the variables of interest. The main results suggest that middle-aged and more educated individuals, who were exposed to more risks at work, used more effective coping strategies. Men used more self-blaming coping strategies while women used more emotional support, religion, distraction, self-distraction, and behavioural withdrawal. Active coping was the strongest predictor of physical, psychological, and social domains of quality of life. Further studies are needed to examine the growth trajectory after the mitigation phase and the coping strategies used to promote mental health. Overall, advocating for active coping with current challenges promotes positive perceptions of quality of life amid the pandemic COVID-19.
- Children’s social and emotional behavior : role of maternal emotion regulation, psychopathological symptomatology, and family functioningPublication . Simões, Sónia Catarina Carvalho; Inácio, Filipa; Espirito-Santo, HelenaAbstract: Research has demonstrated that maternal emotion regulation strategies (self-criticism and self-compassion), mental health, and family functioning impacts child functioning. Due to the paucity of studies, we aimed to analyze: (1) the associations between maternal emotion regulation strategies, psychopathological symptomatology, family functioning, and mother’s perceived child social and emotional behavior (SEB); (2) the differences in mother’s perceived child SEB, according to maternal, child and family characteristics; (3) the predictive role of maternal emotion regulation in mother’s perceived child SEB. A sample of 431 mothers (25-59 years), with children aged 4-17 years (55.5% male), answered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The results showed positive associations between self-criticism, maternal psychopathological symptomatology, worse family functioning and child social and emotional problems, as well between maternal self-compassion and child prosocial behaviors. Mothers who reported low income, elementary school education, a history of psychiatric illness and whose children had early behavior changes perceived more social and emotional difficulties in their children. Maternal self-criticism was the main predictor of child social and emotional difficulties. In conclusion, maternal emotion regulation strategies and psychopathological symptomatology are associated with family functioning and child SEB.
- Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire after rewording negatively keyed itemsPublication . Rocha, Luiz Fellipe Dias da; Hernandez, José Augusto Evangelho; Falcone, Eliane Mary de OliveiraAbstract: The present study aims to verify the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire after rewording negatively keyed items into positive (CPQ+). It was used a convenience sample of 168 Brazilian university students (M=25.37, SD=7.40), being 76.8% women. After rewording the negatively keyed items into positive, the CPQ+ was applied. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales – Short Form (DASS-21) were also applied. The Corrected Item-Total Correlation values of CPQ+ items were close to or higher than the cutoff point. After exclusion of item 8, due to crossloading, and correlation between errors of items 3 and 10, the correlated two-factor model presented the best fit of latent structure to CPQ+, through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The Perfectionistic Concerns dimension of CPQ+ was greater related to global score of DASS-21 in comparison to the Perfectionistic Striving dimension, indicating good validity regarding other variables. In summary, results recommend the use of CPQ+ presented in this study, it is, a version with 11 positive items.
- Perceived cost of newly prescribed medication and supplementary diagnostic tests in the elderly : an experimental approachPublication . Oliveira, Miguel; Diniz, Antonio M.Abstract: Primary nonadherence to medical prescription is a notorious phenomenon among the elderly. The perceived cost of medication and supplementary diagnostic tests is a major factor driving prescription adherence decisions. To explore the way such factor impinges on the perception of prescription cost, two independent samples of elderly volunteers (medication, N=59; supplementary diagnostic tests, N=58) rated on a visual analogue scale specific amounts of money matching three proportions of income reduction of a fictitious patient. Both medication and supplementary diagnostic tests modalities of prescription showed participants’ perception of cost to notoriously vary in the 3% and the 30% proportions of prescription values to the fictitious patient’s income, but not in the 15%. Further, Different patterns of perceived cost response suggest that an element of intertemporal choice influenced cost perception. Participants’ income had had no impact on their perception of cost, contrary to the pattern of self-referent responses that “perspective-taking” approaches would suggest. Further, research would benefit from broadening these experimental settings to include other known factors impacting nonadherence along with cost.
- The mediator role of the perceived working conditions and safety leadership on the relationship between safety culture and safety performance: A case study in a Portuguese construction companyPublication . Magalhaes, Miguel; Jordão, Filomena; Costa, PatrícioAbstract: Occupational accidents in the construction sector are still a major concern with relevant costs at different levels, both individually and socially. We developed and tested two structural equation models to study, from the workers’ point of view, the mediator role of working conditions and safety leadership on the relationship between safety culture and safety performance, in a Portuguese firm. This quantitative and correlational case study applied a questionnaire to a convenience sample of 320 workers. A structural equation modeling analysis showed that safety culture was predominant in predicting safety performance and that working conditions mediated this relationship, but safety leadership did not. The results allow company’s managers gaining certain insights about the role of safety culture, working conditions and safety leadership on safety performance prediction and in the work accidents’ prevention. Furthermore, likely may help to understand what is going on in other firms, in construction sector in Portugal, and to identify problematic areas needing to be addressed.
- Family foster care : perceptions of Portuguese child protection professionalsPublication . Negrão, Mariana; Mendonça, Maria Ana; Veiga, Elisa; Veríssimo, Lurdes; Moreira, MarinaAbstract: Family foster care (FFC) is the preferred out-of-home care measure for the protection of children and youth through Europe, in accordance with research findings of its superiority in meeting developmental needs of children and youth. Portugal, however, does not accompany the European trend in the implementation of FFC. Even after changes made to the law, prioritizing FFC, it represents only 2,7% of out-of-home placements (Instituto de Segurança Social, I.P. [ISS-IP], 2020). The main goal of this exploratory and descriptive study is to understand the perceptions of Portuguese child protection professionals concerning FFC. 101 participants, from different professional backgrounds and child protection contexts, filled out a questionnaire. Main findings show a heterogeneous degree of familiarity to FFC, and a generally positive although reserved attitude to it. Professionals seem to value its child-centred approach and ability to promote child development and healthy attachment relationships, due to the benefits of a family environment. Participants identified regulations and procedures related to selection, evaluation, training, and support to foster families both as obstacles and necessary conditions for placement success, indicating important arenas where change urges.
- Validation of the revised Belief in a Just World Scale based on Popular SayingsPublication . Linhares, Layanne Vieira; Torres, Ana Raquel Rosas; Pereira, Cícero RobertoAbstract: The development of measures that assess individual differences in the Belief in a Just World plays an important role in advancing research in this area. The intent of this article was to validate a new version of the Belief in a Just World Scale based on Popular Sayings (BJWPS), proposing that this measure may be an alternative to the original scale. For this, two studies were developed: Study 1 (N=160) aimed to presenting psychometric evidence for a new version of the BJWPS scale through an exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 (N=144) aimed to verify the goodness-of-fit of the proposed measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the two studies indicated a single-factor structure that assesses BJW, which corroborates the theoretical frameworks of the BJW scales. Together, the results allow us to conclude that the BJWPS presented satisfactory psychometric indexes.
- The impact of a naturalistic intervention on preschool children’s morphological awareness developmentPublication . Rosa, João; Martins, Margarida AlvesAbstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a morphological awareness intervention delivered by preschool teachers in the naturalistic setting of their classrooms. The participants were 162 Portuguese children, attending kindergarten who were allocated as groups to experimental and control conditions. The former group was the object of six-weeks morphological awareness intervention anchored on explicit discussions about the morphological structure of words appearing in selected storybooks. The control group received normal curriculum activities. Results showed strong to high effect sizes on morphological awareness post-test abilities of children in the experimental group related to identifying words of the same “family”, interpreting the meaning of stems and affixes in morphologically structured pseudowords and finding the base word in derived or inflected stimuli, after controlling for age, cognitive ability, vocabulary, pre-test phonological and morphological results. The relevance of developing tools that help preschool children to consciously manipulate morphemes as meaningful building blocks of words, in partnership with preschool teachers, is proposed.