Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-04"
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- As especificidades do papel do educador de infância em jardim de infância na perspetiva da pedagogia-em-participaçãoPublication . Amaral, Cátia Betina Capaz Graça De Oliveira; Brito, Ana TeresaO presente trabalho emerge de uma pesquisa no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar do Instituto Universitário Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida e da Escola Superior de Educadores de Infância Maria Ulrich (ISPA/ESEIMU). Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, em que se procura refletir sobre o papel do educador de infância à luz da perspetiva pedagógica da Associação Criança, a Pedagogia-em-Participação. Neste estudo, revisitaram-se alguns documentos de referência no contexto educativo português que visam as funções do educador de infância, assim como, orientam para uma conduta ética e para o desenvolvimento do currículo, integrando princípios e fundamentos pedagógicos numa matriz que possibilita o desenvolvimento sustentado de um modelo pedagógico. A partir desta revisão bibliográfica, o estudo incidiu sobre a prática dos educadores de infância no contexto de estágio e, mais em concreto, sobre a prática da educadora cooperante, que se observou e acompanhou durante estágio. Este estudo contou, ainda, com a colaboração de onze educadoras de infância que desenvolvem a sua prática profissional emersas no modelo da Pedagogia-em-participação. Neste âmbito, procurou-se identificar e refletir sobre pontos de convergência, complementaridade ou afastamento, entre a teoria e a prática no papel e ação do educador de infância, num contexto de intervenção que tem com referencial a Pedagogia-em-Participação. A análise dos resultados aponta para uma forte relação entre a prática pedagógica e a teorização que a sustenta, identificando contributos e desafios do referencial na prática pedagógica dos educadores de infância participantes. Conclui-se que os educadores têm a missão de significar os modelos pedagógicos atendendo ao seu papel de mediadores do ambiente educativo com a intencionalidade de assegurar o bem-estar, desenvolvimento e aprendizagens das crianças. Acrescenta-se ainda que a profissionalidade dos educadores é potencializada quando desenvolvida em colaboração com outros profissionais, em equipa, atendendo a uma atitude reflexiva da prática pedagógica.
- Effects of affective and emotional congruency on facial expression processing under different task demandsPublication . Aguado, Luis; Martínez-García, Natalia; Solís-Olce, Andrea; Dieguez-Risco, TeresaContextual influences on responses to facial expressions of emotion were studied using a context-target paradigm that allowed distinguishing the effects of affective congruency (context and target of same/different valence: positive or negative) and emotional congruency (context and target representing the same/different emotion: anger, fear, happiness). Sentences describing anger, fear or happiness-inducing events and faces expressing each of these emotions were used as contexts and targets, respectively. While between-valence comparisons (context and target of similar/different valence) revealed affective congruency effects, within-valence comparisons (context and target of similar valence and same/different emotion) revealed emotional congruency effects. In Experiment 1 no evidence of emotional congruency and limited evidence of affective congruency were found with an evaluative task. In Experiment 2 effects of both affective and emotional congruency were observed with an emotion recognition task. In this case, angry and fearful faces were recognized faster in emotionally congruent contexts. In Experiment 3 the participants were asked explicitly to judge the emotional congruency of the target faces. Emotional congruency effects were again found, with faster judgments of angry and fearful faces in the corresponding emotional contexts. Moreover, judgments of angry expressions were faster and more accurate in happy than in anger contexts. Thus, participants found easier to decide that angry faces did not match a happy context than to judge that they did match an anger context. These results suggest that there are differences in the way that facial expressions of positive and negative emotions are discriminated and integrated with their contexts. Specifically, compared to positive expressions, contextual integration of negative expressions seems to require a double check of the valence and the specific emotion category of the expression and the context.
- Specifically penile-Vaginal intercourse frequency Is associated with better relationship satisfaction: A commentary on Hicks, McNulty, Meltzer, and Olson (2016)Publication . Brody, Stuart; Costa, Rui Miguel; Klapilová, Kateřina; Weiss, PetrInexistente
- A structural model for adjustment to aging among older women in breast cancer remissionPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Carneiro, Francisco; Leal, Isabel PereiraThis study aims to build a structural model to explore the predictors of adjustment to aging (AtA) reported by older women in breast cancer remission. A community-dwelling sample of 771 older women in breast cancer remission aged between 75 and 98 years answered a questionnaire to determine socio-demographic (age, income, marital status, education, household, and living setting), and healthrelated characteristics (self-reported functional limitations and disabilities, time since remission, other type of cancer, breast reconstruction, perceived health, recent disease and medication). Several measures were employed to assess AtA, sense of coherence and subjective well-being. Structural equation modeling was used to explore a structural model of the self-reported AtA, encompassing all variables. Significant predictors of AtA are self-reported disability (β = .404; p < .001), time since remission (β = .371; p < .001), perceived health (β = .257; p < .001), other type of cancer (β = .231; p < .001), breast reconstruction (β = .153; p = .008), marital status (β = .141; p < .001), sense of coherence (β = .140; p < .001), and living setting (β = .139; p = .006). These variables accounted for 84.3% of the variability of AtA. Self-reported disability and time since remission were the strongest predictors of AtA. Our findings suggest that health care interventions with older women in breast cancer remission still living in the community may benefit from clearly including these predictors of AtA, as they are relevant for promoting older women’ s aging well.
- Whistle stability and variation in captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) recorded in isolation and social contextsPublication . Lopes, Patrícia Alexandra Rachinas; Luís, Ana Rita; Borges, Ana Sofia; Neto, Márcia P.; Santos, Manuel Eduardo dosCommon bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops trunca-tus) produce a range of underwater vocalizations, both pulsed (echolocation clicks and burst-pulses) and nonpulsed (whistles). Whistles may be emit-ted in stereotyped (signature) or variant patterns, and their production might be affected by sex, age, environmental, and social contexts. This study examined, non-intrusively, the whistle emissions of six captive bottlenose dolphins at Zoomarine in Algarve, Portugal, in two separate time sets and three different contexts: two of the animals in isolation in 2008, and all six in 2012, both seg-regated from their group and in social context. From a total of 1,681 whistles, 1,249 were ana-lyzed from 32 samples in different contexts: seven samples in isolation in 2008, 18 in segregation in 2012, and seven in social context. Through visual inspection of spectrograms, whistles were classi-fied into 12 different contour categories. Only one category was found in both time sets and could be considered a signature whistle by SIGID criteria (Janik et al., 2013). This contour was associated with the same animal in 2008 and 2012. Whistle emission rates were 7.8 times higher in isolation as compared with social context, and significant differences were also found in the end and maxi-mum frequencies as well as number of inflections and loops. Multiloop whistles were more common in isolation than in social contexts. The variant (nonstereotyped) contours dominated the whistle production in segregated contexts (but not by iso-lated animals) as well as in social contexts. This study highlights the importance of examining the nonstereotyped portion of the bottlenose dolphin’s whistle repertoire in different contexts as signa-ture whistle production may not be a constant or universal phenomenon.