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Psychological health and life satisfaction of portuguese teachers
Publication . Tomé, Gina; Rodrigues, Nuno; Gaspar de Matos, Margarida
Background: In Portugal, teachers have constantly sought better working conditions in order to improve their mental health, which can result in demotivation and personal and professional exhaustion. Methods: A total of 1454 national public school teachers participated in this study, 17.4% (n = 253) male, aged between 22 and 66 years old (M = 51.4, SD = 7.5). The instrument used included questions concerning sociodemographic data (gender, years of teaching experience, age, length of service), a life satisfaction scale, WHO-5/quality of life perception, the physical and psychological symptoms scale-HBSC, depression, stress, and the anxiety scale-DASS-21. It also included questions about the school environment: relationship with the principal, and school atmosphere. Results: Four groups of teachers were created for the statistical analyses: No Life Satisfied/No Symptoms; Life Satisfied/No Symptoms; No Life Satisfied/With Symptoms; and Life Satisfied/With Symptoms. The results revealed that male teachers showed higher percentages for the following groups: No Life Satisfied/No Symptoms (χ2 = 17.223(3), p ≤ 0.001, 20.2%), Life Satisfied/No Symptoms (χ2 = 17.223(3), p ≤ 0.001, 43.3%) and No Life Satisfied/With Symptoms (χ2 = 17.223(3), p ≤ 0.001, 23.9%). Conclusions: The results made it possible to identify a profile of teachers who are more likely to develop mental health problems and psychological distress: those who have lower perceived life satisfaction and more psychological symptoms, which are associated with a low perception of quality of life, a worse relationship with principals and a worse perception of the quality of the school environment; this situation seems to be even worse among female teachers.
Who are the happy girls? Gender Comparison Using a Biopsychosocial Approach: Health Behavior School-Aged Children Study in Portugal During Covid-Pandemic
Publication . Gaspar, Tania; Carvalho, Marina; Guedes, Fábio Botelho; Cerqueira, Ana; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de
From an ecological perspective, this study aimed to understand and characterize the similarities and differences between girls and boys regarding the perception of happiness. This paper is based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2022 study. 5809 students from 6th (29.6%), 8th (33.5%), and 10th (37%) grades responded, of whom 50.9% were female, with a mean age of 14.09 years (SD = 1.82). The results allow us to study and identify similarities and differences between four groups from an ecological perspective: happy girls, happy boys, unhappy girls, and unhappy boys. For both boys and girls, quality of life, low psychological symptoms, and body image best explain their well-being. Among unhappy girls, the mother's job, life satisfaction, health literacy, communication with the father, and relationship with teachers explain their well-being. In the case of unhappy boys, in addition to these variables, the father's job and the relationship with the family also explain their well-being.. Mental health factors, such as life satisfaction, quality of life, and low psychological symptoms, explain well-being in both boys and girls. For happy girls, age, mother's job, stress management, health literacy, and liking school explain their well-being. Happy boys report that not being so sad that they cannot stand it, not having worries, having a good relationship with teachers, and feeling safe in their living area contribute to their well-being. We conclude that unhappy adolescents are the ones who report more socioeconomic and family relationship difficulties, especially in communication with their fathers. Girls have weaker psychological health indicators and a more negative body image.
Neuro - Optometric investigations in managerial decisions
Publication . Satpathy, Jyoti; Okeyo, Washington; Misra, Lipsa; Das, Adyasha; Rodríguez, Alfredo Steve Sherrington; Moreira, Ana; Arce, Arlen Lopez; Mallik, Banitamani; Laza, Sebastian
Paper presents an inter – disciplinary approach towards human decision-making mosaic via optometric injections. Study incorporates entrepreneurial brain practices as wedded to neurosciences. If disordered embroidery VUCA (Vulnerability, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) has given foundation to disordered embroidery BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Non-linear, and Incomprehensible), disordered embroidery RUPT (Rapid, Unpredictable, Paradoxical, and Tangled) and disordered embroidery TUNA (Turbulent, Uncertain, Novel and Ambiguous), it is tractable that time is fitting for anatomical ‘steal a look’ into entrepreneurial choice behaviour. Study opines that inter-sections between Biology and Management are far-reaching and hold immense potential for advancing managerial practices. By recognizing and integrating biological underpinnings of human behaviour, decision making, leadership, and adaptability, managers can devise informed and effective strategies. As fields of Biology and management continue to evolve, interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to unlock full spectrum of cause-and-effect connections between these domains. Aim has been to decipher decision making via optometric estimates. Eye tracking methodology is adopted. Kowlers eye tracking model has been examined. Deductions are eye movements in human decision behaviour making is moderately driven by stimulus properties that bias information uptake in favor of visually salient stimuli. Eye movements do (not) have causal effect on preference formation. However, through properties inherent to visual system, such as stimulus-driven attention, eye movements do lead to down-stream effects on human decision behaviour making.
Body language in art: Integrating psychological and neuroscientific evidence
Publication . Germano, Yuri Capovilla; Rodrigues, Vitor Amorim
Body language is a universal form of communication, present across cultures and throughout human history, and also represented in artistic traditions. This paper aims to track similarities between the body language in both the social and in the artistic world, bringing scientific evidence from the fields of psychology and neuroscience and integrating into the the representation of body language in art. The first part of this essay will revisit the concept of Pathosformel proposed by Aby Warburg. The second part will review the findings from psychology and neuroscience about body language since its primordial development until recent studies. Finally, in the third section it will be traced the convergence of ideas from these classical theories between art and psychology, proposing that although approached through different lenses, body language has developed a similar ground between the fields of art and psychology.
A relação entre a flexibilidade psicológica, a atribuição de sentido e o tipo de vinculação do enlutado na Adaptação ao Luto
Publication . Carregosa, Maria Leonor Ferreira; Neto, David
O luto é uma resposta à perda, mas pode variar entre uma adaptação saudável e uma reação prolongada e desadaptada. Esta variação é influenciada por diversos fatores e características individuais. A flexibilidade psicológica surge como um recurso interno importante, permitindo que a pessoa lide com emoções e pensamentos dolorosos de forma adaptativa, mantendo comportamentos alinhados com os seus valores. Por outro lado, a vinculação, aprendida nas primeiras relações, molda a forma como o indivíduo se relaciona com os outros e enfrenta situações de perda. Estilos de vinculação inseguros estão associados a dificuldades na integração emocional da perda e a trajetórias de luto mais complicadas. A atribuição de sentido, por sua vez, desempenha um papel central na adaptação, sendo através dela que o enlutado integra a perda.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre estas variáveis, analisando o papel mediador da atribuição de sentido na relação entre a flexibilidade psicológica e a adaptação ao luto, e o papel moderador da vinculação nesta relação. Para isso, foi conduzido um estudo quantitativo, transversal e correlacional com 165 participantes adultos que vivenciaram o luto.
Os resultados evidenciaram que a flexibilidade psicológica não prediz diretamente a adaptação ao luto, mas influencia-a de forma indireta através da atribuição de sentido.
Além disso, a vinculação ansiosa moderou negativamente esta relação, enquanto a vinculação evitante não apresentou efeito significativo. Estes achados destacam a importância de intervenções clínicas que promovam a flexibilidade psicológica e a reconstrução de significado, considerando os estilos de vinculação individuais.