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O desenvolvimento estético e a educação estética e artística: o programa progestart
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Abstract(s)
O desenvolvimento estético é nos primeiros estádios dependente da maturação e posteriormente outras variáveis interferem neste desenvolvimento. A educação estética e artística possibilita a ocorrência deste desenvolvimento.
A presente tese pretende compreender em que medida, de que forma e por que processos, o programa de educação estética e artística (ProgestArt), concebido e aplicado, potencializa o desenvolvimento estético e a criatividade.
Revimos a literatura evidenciando as principais teorias do desenvolvimento estético, estabelecendo inter-relações entre este domínio desenvolvimental e a experiência estética, a criatividade e as abordagens filosóficas. Por outro lado, realizámos uma análise dos principais programas de educação estética e artística clarificando a sua importância para o ProgestArt que foi suportado nas dimensões que compõe o desenvolvimento estético referidas por Parsons (1987/1992). O primeiro artigo adopta uma metodologia sistemática no domínio do desenvolvimento estético, validando um instrumento de análise deste desenvolvimento e constituindo materiais (duas séries de 4 quadros), que possibilitam serem aplicados na investigação mais fundamental e na investigação-acção. No segundo artigo sustentou-se empiricamente a teoria de Parsons (1987/ 1992), verificando se o desenvolvimento se processa do modo como é referido por este autor e tendo em consideração as faixas etárias que menciona. No terceiro estudo pretendemos compreender em que medida o ProgestArt contribui para o desenvolvimento estético e a criatividade. No decurso do programa centrámo-nos no processo, pela observação e registo das dinâmicas interactivas, que possibilitaram explicar os ganhos no desenvolvimento estético e na criatividade. Discutem-se conceitos centrais da psicologia do desenvolvimento estabelecendo pontes entre este desenvolvimento mais global e o desenvolvimento estético, clarificando os mecanismos e processos por que ocorrem. Discute-se, igualmente, a educação estética e artística clarificando os pressupostos da concepção do programa (ProgestArt) e os principais resultados decorrentes da sua aplicação. Menciona-se algumas implicações para o desenvolvimento estético e educação estética e artística e estrutura-se um novo projecto de investigação, de cariz mais fundamental, sustentado nas lacunas que nos parecem existir no domínio em estudo.
The aesthetic development is, in its first stages, dependent on the maturation of the individual and, afterwards, other variables interfere with this development. The aesthetic and artistic education allows for the occurrence of this development. The present thesis intends to understand to what extent, in what form, and by what processes the program of aesthetic and artistic education (ProgestArt), conceived and applied, enhances aesthetic development and creativity. We reviewed the literature evidencing the main theories of aesthetic development, establishing interrelations between this field of development and aesthetic experience, creativity, and philosophical approaches. On the other hand, we carried out an analysis of the main programs of aesthetic and artistic education, clarifying their importance for ProgestArt, which was supported in the dimensions that make up aesthetic development, referred to by Parsons (1987/1992). The first study adopts a systematic methodology in the field of aesthetic development, validating an instrument of analysis of this development, and making up materials (two sets of 4 paintings) which allow to be applied in the most fundamental research and action-research. In the second study, the Parsons (1997/1992) theory was empirically supported, verifying whether the development is processed the way the author mentions, as well as whether it happens in the mentioned age groups. In the third study, we intended to understand in what way ProgestArt contributes to aesthetic development and creativity. Throughout the program, we focused on the process, by the observation and recording of the interactive dynamics, that allowed for an explanation of the gains in aesthetic development and creativity. Central concepts of developmental psychology are discussed, establishing bridges between this more global development and aesthetic development, clarifying the mechanisms and processes by which they occur. The aesthetic and artistic education is also discussed, clarifying the presuppositions of the conception of the program (ProgestArt) and the main results stemming from its application. Some implications for aesthetic development and aesthetic and artistic education are mentioned, and a new project of investigation is structured, of a more fundamental nature, based on the gaps that seem to exist in the field of aesthetic development.
The aesthetic development is, in its first stages, dependent on the maturation of the individual and, afterwards, other variables interfere with this development. The aesthetic and artistic education allows for the occurrence of this development. The present thesis intends to understand to what extent, in what form, and by what processes the program of aesthetic and artistic education (ProgestArt), conceived and applied, enhances aesthetic development and creativity. We reviewed the literature evidencing the main theories of aesthetic development, establishing interrelations between this field of development and aesthetic experience, creativity, and philosophical approaches. On the other hand, we carried out an analysis of the main programs of aesthetic and artistic education, clarifying their importance for ProgestArt, which was supported in the dimensions that make up aesthetic development, referred to by Parsons (1987/1992). The first study adopts a systematic methodology in the field of aesthetic development, validating an instrument of analysis of this development, and making up materials (two sets of 4 paintings) which allow to be applied in the most fundamental research and action-research. In the second study, the Parsons (1997/1992) theory was empirically supported, verifying whether the development is processed the way the author mentions, as well as whether it happens in the mentioned age groups. In the third study, we intended to understand in what way ProgestArt contributes to aesthetic development and creativity. Throughout the program, we focused on the process, by the observation and recording of the interactive dynamics, that allowed for an explanation of the gains in aesthetic development and creativity. Central concepts of developmental psychology are discussed, establishing bridges between this more global development and aesthetic development, clarifying the mechanisms and processes by which they occur. The aesthetic and artistic education is also discussed, clarifying the presuppositions of the conception of the program (ProgestArt) and the main results stemming from its application. Some implications for aesthetic development and aesthetic and artistic education are mentioned, and a new project of investigation is structured, of a more fundamental nature, based on the gaps that seem to exist in the field of aesthetic development.
Description
Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Psicologia na área de especialização de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento apresentada no ISPA- Instituto Universitário no ano de 2018.
Keywords
Desenvolvimento estético Pintura Artes Psicologia do desenvolvimento Experiência estética Educação artística Educação estética Programa de educação estética e artística Aesthetic development Painting Arts Developmental psychology Aesthetic experience Artistic education Aesthetic education Aesthetic and artistic education program