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- Collaborative inhibition effect: The role of memory task and retrieval methodPublication . Saraiva, Magda; Albuquerque, Pedro B.; Garrido, Margarida V.It is well established that the recall of collaborative groups is lower than the pooled recall of an equal number of lone individuals—the collaborative inhibition efect (Weldon and Bellinger, J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 23(5):1160–1175, 1997). This is arguably the case because group members have conficting retrieval strategies that disrupt each other's recall—the retrieval strategies disruption hypothesis (Basden et al., J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 23(5):1176–1191, 1997). In two experiments, we further examined this hypothesis by testing whether the memory task (free recall vs. serial recall) and the recall method (turn-taking vs. unconstraint) moderate collaborative inhibition. Experiment 1 compared the performance of collaborative and nominal groups in a free recall and a serial recall task. Results revealed collaborative inhibition in free recall, but this efect was reduced in serial recall. In Experiment 2, collaborative and nominal performance was compared in the same tasks with collaborative but also nominal groups, using the turn-taking method. The collaborative inhibition efect was still observed in free recall, although to a lesser extent when participants in nominal groups used the turn-taking method. In the serial recall task, the collaborative inhibition efect was eliminated. Taken together, these results further support retrieval strategies disruption as an explanation for the collaborative inhibition efect.
- Does the linguistic expectancy bias extend to a second language?Publication . Garrido, Margarida V.; Saraiva, Magda; Semin, Gün R.The linguistic expectancy bias (LEB) reflects the tendency to describe expectancyconsistent behavior more abstractly than expectancy-inconsistent. The current studies replicate the LEB in Portuguese and examine it in a second language (English). Earlier studies found differences in processing a first language (L1) and a second language (L2) shaping affective and cognitive processes. We did not expect these differences to shape the LEB because controlled lexical decisions (e.g., use of verbs and adjectives) are unlikely, even when using L2. Participants wrote stereotypically male or female behavioral descriptions for male and female targets. A new group of participants read those descriptions and was asked about their causes. Expectancy-consistent behavior was described more abstractly and shaped more dispositional inferences in L1 and L2. Aside from replicating the LEB in a different language, these studies indicate that structural features of language preserve a linguistic bias with implications for social perception even when using a second language.