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- How was your day? A within‐person analysis of how mental health may moderate the route from daily micro‐events to satisfaction after work via affect and contextual performancePublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntónioThis study builds on the affective events theory and the conservation of resources theory to propose a model that analyses an affect-to-behaviour-to-outcome route, highlighting how daily micro-events and subsequent affective reactions lead to behaviours (performance) and cognitions (satisfaction after work), and how mental health moderates this process. Results from a 5-day diary study, during the pandemic (N =250, n=1221), provided data to test the proposed affect-to-behaviour-to-outcome route. Poorer mental health buffered the positive within-person relationship between daily micro-events, affective reactions, performance and satisfaction after work, suggesting that high levels of mental health allowed individuals to maximise the benefits of positive daily micro-events in their satisfaction after work via affect and performance. This study presents original research analysing how situational factors create a route through which individuals experience affective reactions that influence their work behaviour, and in turn their levels of satisfaction after work.
- How followers' neuroticism buffers the role of the leader in their daily mental health via daily positive affect: A multilevel approachPublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntonioThis study expands on the existing research on employees’ work-related mental health by analyzing (1) the relationship between within-person fluctuations in perceived leadership effectiveness and positive affect and mental health and (2) between-person variations in neuroticism as a relevant boundary condition of this relationship. Multilevel data was collected from 224 working adults (2240 measurement occasions). The results demonstrated that fluctuations in the perception of the leader’s effectiveness were positively related to daily positive affect, and this relationship was moderated by the followers’ levels of neuroticism, in such a way that higher levels of neuroticism buffered the positive effect of leadership effectiveness on positive affect. The findings also evidenced a positive relationship between daily positive affect and daily mental health, as well as a significant indirect effect from perceived leadership effectiveness to daily fluctuations in mental health via daily fluctuations in positive affect. An effective leader makes employees feel more positive affect during the day, which is beneficial to their daily mental health; however, this relationship is may be impaired by the employees’ levels of neuroticism. Practical implications for theory and practice are discussed.
- Testing the affective events theory: The mediating role of affect and the moderating role of mindfulnessPublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Pombeira, Catarina; Caetano, AntonioThis study aims to expand the knowledge on the affective events theory by:(1) testing the mediating role of affectin the relationship between micro-dailyevents and well-being, (2) and analyzing the moderating role of mindfulness in thismediated relationship. To achieve these goals, we collected data with 393 workingadults. The results showed that: (1) affect mediates the relationship betweenmicro-daily events and well-being; (2) mindfulness moderates the mediated rela-tionship between micro-daily events and well-being via affect, that is, higher levelsof mindfulness are positively related to well-being in particular when the levels ofpositive affect are higher. These resultsshow the importance of providing condi-tions for the occurrence of daily uplifts at work as these seem to lead to increasesin employees' well-being. Promoting mindfulness at work also seems relevant forworkers' mental health and well-being, forexample, through complementary train-ing or daily practices.
- How good is teleworking? Development and validation of the tele attitude scalePublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntónioThe objective of this study was to develop and validate a measure called the Tele Attitude Scale (TAS). This measure aims to evaluate relevant aspects of the teleworking experience related to its perceived effects regarding, for instance: job characteristics, perceived productivity, quality of work-related interactions, work-non-work balance, and well-being. Four studies were conducted between 2021 and 2022. First, a qualitative study was conducted to develop the scale (N = 80). Afterward, a second study to explore the scale’s factorial structure (N = 602) was developed. A third study served to analyze its internal validity and reliability (N = 232). A fourth study analyzed the criterion validity of the scale by exploring its correlations with measures of health, affect, and performance (N = 837 teleworkers). The findings revealed that the 10-item scale accounted for a unique factor and that it was a reliable measure. Moreover, the results also showed that the scale was significantly related to measures of health, affect, and performance, thus supporting its convergent and criterion validity. This research advances the knowledge about telework by proposing a user-friendly scale to measure teleworking, specifically how workers perceive their experience of it and how it may impact them at several levels. Thus, the TAS can not only fill a gap in the research but also help organizations evaluate and support teleworkers’ needs and subsequent satisfaction while teleworking. © The Author(s) 2024.
- How curiosity affects contextual performance: an emotional daily dynamics perspectivePublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntónioPurpose – This research relied on the broaden-and-build (B&B) theory to explore emotional predictors for curiosity-related differences in daily engagement and contextual performance. We tested a moderated mediation model, arguing that daily positive emotions would be related to daily work engagement and contextual performance. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 586 participants participated in a five-day diary study (n 5 2379). Findings – Multi-level modeling showed that, at the person level of analysis, daily positive emotions were significantly and positively related to daily work engagement and, in turn, daily performance. At the daily level of analysis, the mediation model was moderated by curiosity, such that it became stronger for individuals who scored higher on curiosity. Originality/value – These findings make relevant theoretical contributions to understanding the power of curiosity for daily emotional dynamics in organizations. Compared to traditional between-person variables, these results also expand knowledge on within-person processes that explain daily work engagement and contextual performance. In sum, this study shows that “curiosity does not kill the cat”; instead, it makes it productive.
- Mindfulness fills in the blank spaces left by affective uncertainty uplifting adaptive behaviorsPublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntonioDrawing on the integrative model of uncertainty tolerance, we aimed to investigate whether uncertainty relates to adaptive performance, at the within-person level. We argue that daily uncertainty at work will trigger negative affective reactions that, in turn, will minimize adaptive performance. Moreover, we focus on socio-cognitive mindfulness as a cross-level moderator of the indirect relationship of uncertainty on adaptive performance via negative affect. To capture changes in daily life and test our model, we conducted two diary studies across 5-working days: One with a sample of telecommuters (n = 101*5 = 505), and the other with a sample of non-telecommuters (n = 253*5 = 1,265). Study 1 took place between February and March of 2021 (during the mandatory confinement), and Study 2 occurred between April and May 2021 (out of the mandatory confinement). Both studies were conducted in Portugal. The multilevel results showed that at the day-level of analysis, uncertainty decreased adaptive performance through the enhanced negative affect. Moreover, at the person-level of analysis mindfulness moderated (a) the direct relationship of uncertainty to adaptive performance, and (b) the indirect relationship of uncertainty to adaptive performance via negative affect, in such a way that it became weaker when mindfulness was higher (multilevel-mediated moderation effect). This relation was different between Studies 1 and 2; that is, in Study 1, teleworkers who were high on mindfulness engaged in more adaptive performance when negative affect was high. In Study 2, adaptive performance significantly decreased, when negative affect was higher, even though this effect was weaker for mindful of individuals. The findings show that mindfulness helps to fill in the spaces of the affective uncertainty attenuating its detrimental effects.
- Daily work engagement is a process through which daily micro-events at work influence life satisfactionPublication . Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, Antonio; Rueff, RitaPurpose – Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, the authors expected that daily micro-events, daily hassles and uplifts at work influenced well-being via work engagement at the daily level. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted two diary studies. In study 1, 181 workers answered a daily questionnaire for four working days (N 5 181 3 4 5 724). In study 2, 51 workers filled in a questionnaire for ten consecutive working days (N 5 51 3 10 5 510). Findings – In study 1, the results demonstrated that work engagement fully mediated the effects of daily uplifts on well-being and partially mediated the effects of daily hassles on well-being. The results of study 2 revealed a full mediation for both kinds of daily micro-events. Hence, daily uplifts stimulated work engagement, which, in turn, enhanced well-being, and daily hassles minimized work engagement and, consequently, well-being. Originality/value – The relationships explored provide new theoretical elements for models that explain well-being.