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- Sustainable business models, venture typologies, and entrepreneurial ecosystems: A social network perspectivePublication . Neumeyer, Xaver; Santos, Susana CorreiaThe successful adaptation and creation of sustainable entrepreneurial ventures significantly influences the ability to create more environmentally and socially integrated economic systems. Sustainable business models are a critical component towards this goal. However, the development of sustainable business models is a complex process that requires a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Integrating literature on sustainable business models, network theory, and entrepreneurial ecosystems, we analyze the influence of organizational-level (venture types and venture tenure) and individual-level factors (types of network actors and their demographic characteristics) that influence the social network connectivity of ventures with sustainable and conventional business models. To this purpose, we modeled two municipal entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Southeast United States through a complex network of stakeholders (e.g. entrepreneurs, investors, institutional leaders) and analyzed the resulting social connectivity measures. Our results indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs were underrepresented when compared to conventional entrepreneurs, but that their networks were more densely connected.We also found that different social clusters emerged, based on type of venture and business model, venture tenure, type of network actor (e.g. entrepreneur or investor), or demographic characteristic. With this study, we contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainable business models.
- Recognizing opportunities across campus: The effects of cognitive training and entrepreneurial passion on the business opportunity prototypePublication . Costa, Silvia; Santos, Susana Correia; Wach, Dominika; Caetano, Antonio
- Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: A social capital and network approachPublication . Neumeyer, Xaver; Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; Kalbfleisch, PamelaThis study investigates the effects of venture typology, race, ethnicity, and past venture experience on the social capital distribution of women entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Social network data from two municipal ecosystems in Florida, USA (Gainesville and Jacksonville), suggest that network connectivity and the distribution of social capital are significantly different for men and women entrepreneurs. This difference is contingent on the venture type.Male entrepreneurs show higher comparative scores of bridging social capital in aggressive- and managed-growth venture networks, while women entrepreneurs surpass their male counterparts’ bridging capital scores in lifestyle and survival venture networks. Lastly, experienced women entrepreneurs that self-identified as white showed a higher degree of network connectivity and bridging social capital in the entrepreneurial ecosystem than less experienced non-white female entrepreneurs. Implications for entrepreneurship practice and new research paths are discussed.
- Predictors of entrepreneurial activity before and during the European economic crisisPublication . Santos, Susana Correia; Caetano, Antonio; SPAGNOLI, Paola; Costa, Sílvia Fernandes; Neumeyer, XaverThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of individual characteristics and social norms as variables that explain early-stage entrepreneurial activity before and during the European crisis. We used the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Survey data from Southern European countries (Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal) and Northern European countries (Sweden, Norway and Finland) in 2007, 2010, 2012 and 2013. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify the role of individual characteristics (self-efficacy, perceptions of opportunities, role model and risk perceptions) and social norms (desirable career choice, status and respect and public media) on the early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). Results show that individual characteristics are the most important predictor of entrepreneurial activity, and this effect stays stable throughout the time of the crisis; and social norms have an absent or low effect on entrepreneurial activity, with slight fluctuations during the crisis. These results highlight the role of individual predictors on the entrepreneurial activity despite the macroeconomic environment, which empathizes the importance of education and training to promote the entrepreneurial mindset and attitude.