Percorrer por autor "Tiemeier, Henning"
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- Early parenting and infant–parent attachment: Developmental origins of psychotic experiencesPublication . Hidalgo, Andrea P. Cortes; Bolhuis, Koen; Tiemeier, Henning; Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.; IJzendoorn, Marinus H. vanIntroduction: The infant–parent relationship is theorized to be related to the origins of psychotic experiences, given the key role of infant–parent attachment and early-life caregiving in children’s neurodevelopmental trajectories. Yet, the magnitude of this association is not well understood, and research is often based on self-reports. We examined the relationship of disconnected and extremely insensitive parenting and disorganized infant attachment with the occurrence of psychotic experiences in childhood and adolescence. We additionally examined the role of maternal experiences of loss, a hypothesized antecedent of disconnected parenting, disorganized attachment, and psychotic experiences. Methods: This prospective study ( N = 627) is embedded in the Generation R Study. Maternal experiences of loss within 2 years of the child’s birth were self-reported. Parenting behaviors (based on continuous scores) and the infant–parent attachment were observed when infants were 14 months old. Psychotic experiences were self-reported via questionnaires at ages 10 and 14 years. We used a structural equation model adjusted for covariates to assess the association between maternal loss experiences, parenting behaviors, infant disorganized attachment, and psychotic experiences. Results: Extreme insensitive parenting was associated with more hallucinations and delusions at age 14 years (hallucinations OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07–1.66; delusions OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02–1.68). Disorganized infant attachment and disconnected parenting were not related to psychotic experiences. Maternal experiences of loss were not associated with psychotic experiences, and we found no evidence for a pathway between maternal experiences of loss, parenting behaviors, or disorganized attachment, and subsequent psychotic experiences. Conclusion: This study suggests that the role of disorganized infant–parent attachment in the risk of psychotic experiences of children from the general population might be smaller than expected. Instead, our results suggest that adverse caregiving behaviors related to harsh and maltreating parenting very early in development may predict psychotic experiences in adolescence.
- Facing ostracism: Micro-coding facial expressions in the Cyberball social exclusion paradigmPublication . Mulder, Riaan; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian; Veenstra, Johan; Tiemeier, Henning; Van IJzendoorn, MarinusBackground Social exclusion is often measured with the Cyberball paradigm, a computerized ball-tossing game. Most Cyberball studies, however, used self-report questionnaires, leaving the data vulnerable to reporter bias, and associations with individual characteristics have been inconsistent. Methods In this large-scale observational study, we video-recorded 4,813 10-year-old children during Cyberball and developed a real-time micro-coding method measuring facial expressions of anger, sadness and contempt, in a multiethnic population-based sample. We estimated associations between facial expressions and self-reported negative feelings, explored associations of child characteristics such as sex and parental national origin with observed and selfreported feelings during social exclusion, and tested associations of observed and self-reported feelings during social exclusion with behavior problems at age 14. Results Facial expressions of sadness and anger were associated with self-reported negative feelings during the game, but not with such feelings after the game. Further, girls reported to have had less negative feelings during the game than boys, but no such sex-differences were found in total observed emotions. Likewise, children with parents of Moroccan origin reported less negative feelings during the game than Dutch children, but their facial expressions did not indicate that they were differently affected. Last, observed emotions related negatively to later internalizing problems, whereas self-report on negative feelings during the game related positively to later internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusions We show that facial expressions are associated with self-reported negative feelings during social exclusion, discuss that reporter-bias might be minimized using facial expressions, and find divergent associations of observed facial expressions and self-reported negative feelings with later internalizing problems.