Browsing by Author "Pereira, Joana"
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- Connecting primate gesture to the evolutionary roots of language: A systematic reviewPublication . Rodrigues, Evelina Daniela; Santos, António J.; Veppo, Flávia; Pereira, Joana; Hobaiter, CatherineComparative psychology provides important contributions to our understanding of the origins of human language. The presence of common features in human and nonhuman primate communication can be used to suggest the evolutionary trajectories of potential precursors to language. However, to do so effectively, our findings must be comparable across diverse species. This systematic review describes the current landscape of data available from studies of gestural communication in human and nonhuman primates that make an explicit connection to language evolution. We found a similar number of studies on human and nonhuman primates, but that very few studies included data from more than one species. As a result, evolutionary inferences remain restricted to comparison across studies. We identify areas of focus, bias, and apparent gaps within the field. Different domains have been studied in human and nonhuman primates, with relatively few nonhuman primate studies of ontogeny and relatively few human studies of gesture form. Diversity in focus, methods, and socio‐ecological context fill important gaps and provide nuanced understanding, but only where the source of any difference between studies is transparent. Many studies provide some definition for their use of gesture; but definitions of gesture, and in particular, criteria for intentional use, are absent in the majority of human studies. We find systematic differences between human and nonhuman primate studies in the research scope, incorporation of other modalities, research setting, and study design. We highlight eight particular areas in a call to action through which we can strengthen our ability to investigate gestural communication's contribution within the evolutionary roots of human language.
- Contributo de fatores individuais, sociais e ambientais para a decisão de prosseguir uma gravidez não planeada na adolescência : um estudo caracterizador da realidade portuguesaPublication . Pires, R.; Pereira, Joana; Araújo Pedrosa, A.; Vilar, Duarte; Vicente, Lisa; Canavarro, M. C.Resumo: Foi nosso objetivo explorar o contributo simultâneo de fatores individuais, sociais e ambientais e das possíveis interações entre eles para a decisão de prosseguir uma gravidez adolescente à luz do atual quadro legislativo que despenaliza a interrupção da gravidez por opção da mulher, em Portugal. A amostra foi constituída por 276 adolescentes que engravidaram de forma não planeada e contactaram com os serviços de saúde dentro do prazo legal que lhes permitiria optar pela interrupção: 133 adolescentes que prosseguiram a gravidez e 143 que a interromperam. Os dados foram recolhidos entre 2008 e 2013 em 53 serviços de saúde de todas as regiões. Não ter ponderado as duas alternativas possíveis (prosseguimento/interrupção), pertencer a famílias de baixo nível socioeconómico e com história de maternidade adolescente, ter abandonado a escola e residir em áreas com maior densidade populacional e onde a população feminina é menos escolarizada foram fatores explicativos do prosseguimento da gravidez. A menor idade da adolescente associou-se com o prosseguimento apenas quando não foram ponderadas ambas as alternativas. O efeito da religiosidade local variou de acordo com o envolvimento religioso da adolescente. Estes resultados têm importantes implicações para a prática clínica e investigação na área da decisão reprodutiva na adolescência.
- Coping as a moderator of the influence of economic stressors on psychological healthPublication . Jesus, Saul Neves de; Leal, Ana Rita; Viseu, João Nuno; Valle, Patrícia; Matavelli, Rafaela Dias; Pereira, Joana; Greenglass, EstherAbstract: Since 2008, there has been a decline in the economy of several European countries, including Portugal. In the literature, it is emphasized that periods of economic uncertainty propitiate the appearance of mental health problems and diminish populations’ well-being. The aim of the present study, with 729 Portuguese participants, 33.9% (n=247) males and 66.1% (n=482) females with an average age of 37 years old (M=36.99; SD=12.81), was to examine the relationship between economic hardship, financial threat, and financial well-being (i.e., economic stressors) and stress, anxiety, and depression (i.e., psychological health indicators), as well as to test the moderation effect of coping in the aforementioned relationship. To achieve these goals, a cross-sectional design was implemented and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the obtained data. Our results underline that coping affects the relationship between economic stressors and psychological health since subjects with lower coping levels are more vulnerable to economic stress factors than those with higher coping levels. The moderation effect was more evident in the relationships between economic hardship and stress, anxiety, and depression. The main implications of this study are presented, as well as its’ limitations and suggestions for future research.