Browsing by Author "Maciel, Laura Jardim"
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- Abuso sexual infantojuvenil e as suas características: Impacto na saúde mental e comportamento desviantePublication . Maciel, Laura Jardim; Pereira, Miguel BastoO abuso sexual infantojuvenil poderá apresentar um impacto devassante no desenvolvimento psicológico e social do sujeito. Neste âmbito, as características distintas em que ocorre o abuso poderão implicar diferentes consequências para a vítima. A presente investigação teve como objetivos avaliar: 1) o impacto do abuso sexual infantojuvenil na sintomatologia psicopatológica e no comportamento desviante; 2) a simetria das características do abuso sexual infantojuvenil em função do sexo da vítima; e 3) as repercussões dessas mesmas características na sintomatologia psicopatológica e versatilidade dos comportamentos desviantes. A amostra deste estudo é composta por 617 jovens adultos da comunidade, com idades entre os 18 e os 20 anos, que preencheram o Questionário de Experiências de Adversidade na Infância, Escala de Versatilidade do Comportamento Desviante e Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress. Setenta e seis jovens foram identificados com tendo sido vítimas de abuso sexual na infância ou adolescência. Os resultados indicam que o abuso sexual de menores é um fator de risco para sintomatologia psicopatológica e comportamentos desviantes, sendo que as características do abuso são tendencialmente diferentes em função do sexo (e.g., número de perpetradores), e encontram-se diferencialmente associadas a diferentes dimensões de saúde mental e comportamento desviante. Esta investigação vai de encontro a um vasto número de estudos que suporta o efeito traumático do abuso sexual infantojuvenil ao longo da vida, e acrescenta à evidência científica existente a necessidade de aprofundar as condições específicas em que o abuso sexual ocorre em função do sexo da vítima. Implicações clínicas e sociais são discutidas.
- Childhood behaviour problems: evaluation of an early parent training programme in the portuguese communityPublication . Maciel, Laura Jardim; Basto Pereira, MiguelChildhood externalising behaviours constitute a prevalent developmental difficulty associated with significant short- and long-term consequences, both for the individual and for their families. Parenting programmes are considered one of the most effective interventions to address this issue. However, most of these programmes originate from Anglosphere contexts, generating important gaps in empirical research regarding their cross-cultural transportability. In Portugal, few evidence-based parenting interventions have been implemented and empirically evaluated, resulting in a problematic limitation in service provision that addresses childhood externalising problems. Additionally, the parental mechanisms underpinning childhood behaviour improvements in these programmes remain insufficiently studied. This doctoral thesis aimed to address these concerning limitations by studying the cross-cultural transportability of Anglosphere-developed parenting programmes to non-Anglosphere settings. Concomitantly, it aimed to culturally adapt, implement and assess the UK-developed Being a Parent (BaP) programme in Portugal, and analyse potential parental processes arising from the intervention that promote changes in child behaviour. The execution of these objectives resulted in the development of five papers. The first paper conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and examined differences in the effectiveness of Anglosphere-developed parenting programmes when implemented in non-Anglosphere countries. The second paper, a narrative review, synthesised the theoretical framework, delivery model, and evidence of the BaP programme. The third contribution is the protocol of our feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) that outlines the methodological approach to the experimental trial of the Portuguese version of the BaP programme, Ser Pai & Ser Mãe (SPSM). Our fourth paper reports the results of this feasibility RCT, in which 55 families were randomised to an intervention and a waitlist control group, with the intervention group participating in the 9-session SPSM programme. The feasibility of the programme and changes in children’s behaviours were evaluated. The fifth paper, with a mixed-methods design, examined the mechanisms of parental change potentially associated with improvements in externalising behaviour during childhood. Our findings provide robust support for the international dissemination of parenting programmes. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that Anglosphere-developed parenting programmes can maintain effectiveness in reducing childhood externalising behaviour when transported to non-Anglosphere countries. The experimental trial of the SPSM-BaP programme showed not only its feasibility of implementation in the Portuguese context, but also significant improvements in children’s aggressive behaviour, authoritarian parenting practices, and parental sense of competence. Additionally, the mixed-methods study identified several parental mechanisms associated with improvements in child behaviour. These mechanisms seem to operate reciprocally, reinforcing improvements in child and parental behaviour, thus conceptualising an explanatory model of how parenting interventions work. Despite its limitations, this doctoral thesis presents relevant contributions beyond the assessment of the SPSM-BaP programme. They add scientific evidence to the broader literature on cross-cultural transportability and on the mechanisms promoting change in parenting programmes. These findings not only consolidate the empirical literature, but also assume relevance for guiding future research, the development of public policies, and professional practice, both in Portugal and globally.