Browsing by Author "Fonseca, Alexandra"
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- Can interpersonal problems predict female depression?Publication . Fonseca, Alexandra; Matos, M. G.; Gois, CarlosBackground: Recognized as a common and debilitating condition with a high recurrence rate, depression is considered a severe public health problem. The association between interpersonal problems and depressive disorders is well documented, but studies in non-clinical populations are scarce. The working hypotheses were that (Hp1) depressed women report more interpersonal problems than nondepressed ones, and (Hp2) depression is predicted by interpersonal problems. Methods: The present study analyzes the relationship between depression and interpersonal problems, assessed by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP64), in a non-clinical Portuguese female population (n=240), aged 18 to 81. Two groups of participants were considered, based on the Beck Depression Inventory – short form (BDI-SF) cut-off points: G1 "non-depressed" (n=119, M=44.18, SD=12.34) and G2 “depressed” (n=121, M=41.14, DS=13.74). One-way ANOVA and binary logistic regression with forward selection were performed. Results: There was a significant difference in interpersonal problems between depressed and nondepressed women. Specifically, when women experienced depressive symptoms, they identified more interpersonal problems. The sub-scales IIP1 dominating/controlling, IIP7 Self-sacrifice and IIP4 Socially inhibited had the most significant impact on the likelihood of depression. Conclusions: This study emphasizes that clinical practice and universal and selective prevention strategies for depression should include analyses and interventions on factors such as inhibition, reduction of the social network, difficulty in emotional expression and low gratification experienced in interpersonal relationships
- A construção social dos maus tratos (I)Publication . Sousa, Elizabeth; Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho; Fonseca, AlexandraEste artigo pretende iniciar uma discussão sobre a construção social dos maus tratos físicos. Um mesmo acto criminoso perpretado por um agente de estatuto social elevado ou de estatuto social baixo emerge como duas realidades distintas com impacte na decisão judicial. Colocou-se a hipótese de que com o tempo, com a experiência e com a crescente informação sobre o tema poder-se-iam esperar diferenças entre leigos e peritos. No entanto, os peritos no âmbito do Direito não diferem dos leigos nesta matéria. Ambos partilham teorias implícitas sobre os maus tratos que desafiam o princípio de igual tratamento para todos os cidadãos. Por fim, os dados são discutidos em termos de modelo das inferências correspondentes. Curiosamente, a intenção não tem um papel central na imputação de características disposicionais.