Robalo, Joana IsabelAlmada, Vítor CarvalhoLevy, AndréDoadrio, Ignacio2012-05-302012-05-302007Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42, 362-3721055-7903http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1431Previous molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Chondrostoma (Cyprinidae: Leuciscinae) were unable to resolve the relationship among its major species groups. In this paper we present a phylogeny for this genus, based on Wve mitochondrial genes and the nuclear gene -actin, comprising a total of 4068 bp. Bayesian inference using all gene fragments yielded a fully resolved phylogeny, compatible with topologies obtained from individual fragments using maximum parsimony and minimum evolution. Mapping of morphological characters critical to the rasping feeding mode of most Chondrostoma species indicates that they evolved several times, and questions the use of these characters in the traditional deWnition of the genus. Our Wndings led us to the deWnition of the following new genera: Achondrostoma, Iberochondrostoma, Pseudochondrostoma, Protochondrostoma and Parachondrostoma. Our data contradict the hypothesis of a rapid radiation during Lago Mare phase, suggested by previous studies.engCyprinidaePaleobiogeographyB-ActinCharacter mappingTaxonomic revisionNew generajournal article10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.003