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Intervenção desenvolvimentista em psicologia da doença
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Abstract(s)
As teorias mais eloquentes da Psicologia da Saúde
têm sobretudo a ver com a doença. Esta Psicologia,
centrada nas significações das pessoas doentes, coloca
questões metodológicas muito mais complexas do que
a Psicologia interessada na promoção da Saúde.
Na perspectiva aqui defendida, as grandes dificuldades
metodológicas da Psicologia da Doença provêm
do paradigma estrutural que orienta os modelos cognitivistas
mais frequentemente usados. Em alternativa, é
apresentado um modelo desenvolvimentista de intervenção
em Psicologia da Doença. Neste modelo, considera-se que a pessoa doente actua de acordo com as
suas significações, e que estas podem ser representadas
por um nível, que integra uma sequência de níveis
de significações – associadas ao sofrimento e/ao
seu confronto – cada vez mais abertas, flexíveis, reversíveis,
complexas e/ou universais, e caracterizadas
pelas acções de diferenciação e de restruturação mais
usadas. O diagnóstico dos níveis de significação do
doente, dos seus desfasamentos, quanto ao processo de
doença, e das acções dialécticas associadas a esses níveis
e desfasamentos, permite formular os objectivos e
escolher as metodologias a utilizar de modo mais direccionado
e eficaz.
The most eloquent theories of Health Psychology are related to illness. This psychology, centered on personal meanings of people who suffer from diseases, rises methodological questions much more complex than the psychology that is directed to the health promotion. In the perspective presented in this paper, the great methodological difficulties of Illness Psychology originate from the structural paradigm that orients the most common cognitive models of intervention. Here, as an alternative, the authors present a developmental model of intervention in Illness Psychology. In this model, the ill person acts in accordance with her/his personal meanings, and these can be represented by a level, that is integrated in a sequence of levels associated with suffering and coping, that are progressively more open, flexible, reversible, complex and universal, and can be characterized by the differentiating and restructuring dialectical actions most used. The identification of the person’s level of meanings, and of the main dialectical operations and décalages (displacements), allow a more directed and effective formulation of intervention objectives and choice of methodologies.
The most eloquent theories of Health Psychology are related to illness. This psychology, centered on personal meanings of people who suffer from diseases, rises methodological questions much more complex than the psychology that is directed to the health promotion. In the perspective presented in this paper, the great methodological difficulties of Illness Psychology originate from the structural paradigm that orients the most common cognitive models of intervention. Here, as an alternative, the authors present a developmental model of intervention in Illness Psychology. In this model, the ill person acts in accordance with her/his personal meanings, and these can be represented by a level, that is integrated in a sequence of levels associated with suffering and coping, that are progressively more open, flexible, reversible, complex and universal, and can be characterized by the differentiating and restructuring dialectical actions most used. The identification of the person’s level of meanings, and of the main dialectical operations and décalages (displacements), allow a more directed and effective formulation of intervention objectives and choice of methodologies.
Description
Keywords
Psicologia da doença Desenvolvimento Intervenção Metodologias Willness psychology Development Intervention Methodology
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 22(3), 487-497.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada