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Autoconceito, obesidade e representações de estilos de vida saudável em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo tem uma amostra de 110 jovens a frequentarem o 2º e 3º ciclos de
escolaridade, sendo a média de idades de 13.49. Esta investigação de carácter quantitativocorrelacional
tem por base os pressupostos da crescente prevalência da obesidade a nível
mundial, nomeadamente entre os mais jovens. Assim, o presente estudo pretende analisar os
efeitos da obesidade sobre o autoconceito, auto-estima e representações de vida saudável dos préadolescentes
e adolescentes, considerando, ainda, possíveis diferenças de género. O principal
objectivo é contribuir para a compreensão das consequências desta doença de foro nutricional,
especificamente, no que refere a auto-representações dos mais jovens e à forma como
percepcionam um estilo de vida saudável, de forma a que futuramente sejam elaborados
programas, não só interventivos, mas principalmente preventivos. Os instrumentos utilizados
para a recolha dos dados foram a Escala de Autoconceito e Auto-Estima para Crianças e Pré-Adolescentes
de Martins e seus colaboradores (1995), a Escala de Autoconceito e Auto-Estima para Adolescentes de
Peixoto e Almeida (1999; Peixoto, 2003) e o Questionário de Representações de Estilo de Vida Saudável,
construído para avaliar as percepções de hábitos de saúde.
Os resultados alcançados através da presente investigação revelam diferenças
significativas de género, no que refere à dimensão aparência física do autoconceito. Verifica-se a
inexistência de diferenças relativamente ao autoconceito, nas dimensões comportamento e
aceitação social, em função da idade, género e obesidade. No que respeita à auto-estima, constatase
que esta é comprometida por efeitos de género e de prevalência da doença de foro nutricional.
Quanto às representações de estilo de vida saudável, conclui-se que existem diferenças ao nível da
categoria nutrição, impostas por efeitos de género e idade e que, no que refere à categoria
autocuidado, não são verificadas quaisquer diferenças.
ABSTRACT: The present study has a sample of 110 young people to attend the 2nd and 3rd cycles of schooling, with an average age of 13.49. This quantitative investigation of correlational nature is based on the assumptions of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, particularly among young people. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of obesity on self-concept, self-esteem and healthy living representations of pre-adolescent and adolescent, also considering possible gender differences. The main objective is to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of nutritional disorders disease, specifically in regards to self-representation of younger and how perceive a healthy life, so that future programs are developed not only interventional, but mainly preventive. The instruments used for data collection were the Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale for Children and Pre-Adolescents from Martins and colleagues (1995), the Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale for Adolescents from Peixoto and Almeida (1999; Peixoto, 2003) and the Questionnaire of Healthy Lifestyle Representations, an instrument built to evaluate perceptions of health conducts. The results achieved by this study reveal significant gender differences with regards the physical appearance dimension of self-concept. There are no significant differences with respect to self-concept, on the dimensions behavior and social acceptance, depending on age, gender and obesity. With regard to self-esteem, it is observed that this is compromised by the effects of gender and prevalence of nutritional disorders disease. As for healthy lifestyle representations, it is concluded that there are differences in the nutrition category, imposed by the effects of gender and age, and that in regard to self-care category, any differences are not checked.
ABSTRACT: The present study has a sample of 110 young people to attend the 2nd and 3rd cycles of schooling, with an average age of 13.49. This quantitative investigation of correlational nature is based on the assumptions of the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, particularly among young people. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of obesity on self-concept, self-esteem and healthy living representations of pre-adolescent and adolescent, also considering possible gender differences. The main objective is to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of nutritional disorders disease, specifically in regards to self-representation of younger and how perceive a healthy life, so that future programs are developed not only interventional, but mainly preventive. The instruments used for data collection were the Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale for Children and Pre-Adolescents from Martins and colleagues (1995), the Self-Esteem and Self-Concept Scale for Adolescents from Peixoto and Almeida (1999; Peixoto, 2003) and the Questionnaire of Healthy Lifestyle Representations, an instrument built to evaluate perceptions of health conducts. The results achieved by this study reveal significant gender differences with regards the physical appearance dimension of self-concept. There are no significant differences with respect to self-concept, on the dimensions behavior and social acceptance, depending on age, gender and obesity. With regard to self-esteem, it is observed that this is compromised by the effects of gender and prevalence of nutritional disorders disease. As for healthy lifestyle representations, it is concluded that there are differences in the nutrition category, imposed by the effects of gender and age, and that in regard to self-care category, any differences are not checked.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Educacional apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Obesidade Pré-adolescência e adolescência Autoconceito Auto-estima Representações de estilo de vida saudável Obesity Pre-adolescence and adolescence Self-concept Self-esteem Healthy lifestyle representations