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The relationship between the presence of satellite males and nest-holders' mating success in the azorean rock-pool blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus parvicornis
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Resumo(s)
In the Azorean rock-pool blenny, sexually active males may adopt alternative
reproductive tactics. In the present paper the relationship between the presence of
satellite males and the reproductive success of nest-holders was investigated by
comparing nests with and without an associated satellite male. Males with an
associated satellite male suffered more conspeci®c intrusions but they did not
display a higher frequency of attacks towards conspeci®cs. Nest-holder males
were more aggressive towards other conspeci®cs than towards satellites and the
tolerance of nest-holders towards satellites was inversely correlated with the time
spent by the satellites in the breeding territory, which suggests control by the nest-
holder male of the satellite investment in shared territorial defence. Nest-holders
with an associated satellite male had higher condition factors and received more
female visits and more spawnings. These results bear two possible interpretations.
(1) Nest-holders bene®t from the presence of a satellite male by increased
attractiveness of their nests to females; satellite males are mutualists helping to
defend the nest-owner's territory and to attract females, which is why they are
tolerated. (2) Satellite males associate preferentially with more successful nest-
holder males which have higher condition factors, and by doing so have more
opportunities to achieve parasitic fertilizations. Only experiments will allow these
two hypotheses to be distinguished.
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Ethology, 208, 223-235